Catholic Commentary on Acts 1

"You will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." (Acts 1:8)

The Second Volume

The Acts of the Apostles is the second volume of Luke's two-part work, addressed again to Theophilus and opening with a direct reference to the Gospel: in my former book I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach. The word began is significant. The Gospel records what Jesus began. Acts records what he continues, through the Holy Spirit working in his body the Church. The risen Christ is the subject of both books. He does not withdraw at the Ascension; he acts through those he has sent. The Catechism calls Acts the Gospel of the Holy Spirit, the continuation of the mission of Christ through the community of the baptised (CCC 735).

For forty days after the Resurrection, Jesus appears to the apostles and speaks to them about the Kingdom of God. The number forty, like the forty days of the desert and the forty years of the wilderness, signals a period of formation and preparation. They are being prepared for what is coming, though they do not yet know what it will be. When they ask whether he is about to restore the kingdom to Israel, he redirects them: times and seasons are the Father's business. Yours is witness.

The Ascension

Jesus is taken up before their eyes and a cloud hides him from their sight. Two men in white stand beside the stunned disciples: Why do you stand here looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen him go into heaven. The Ascension is not an abandonment. It is a change of mode: the localised presence of the carpenter from Nazareth becomes the universal presence of the glorified Lord, present everywhere the Spirit goes. The Catechism describes the Ascension as Christ's entry into the heavenly sanctuary, where he intercedes for us forever at the right hand of the Father (CCC 665).

Matthias and the Reconstituted Twelve

The community returns to Jerusalem and Peter leads the selection of a replacement for Judas, citing Psalm 69 and Psalm 109 as Scripture that pointed to this vacancy. Two candidates are put forward; lots are cast; Matthias is added to the eleven. The reconstitution of the Twelve to their full number before Pentecost is theologically deliberate: the Church at her founding must have the full apostolic college, the twelve foundations of the new Jerusalem (Revelation 21:14), in place when the Spirit falls.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the programme of Acts 1:8 is the programme of the Church in every age: Jerusalem first, then Judea, then Samaria, then the ends of the earth. Concentric circles expanding outward from where you are. You cannot skip to the ends of the earth without starting in Jerusalem, the place where you actually live, among the people you actually know. Begin there. The Spirit will take it from there.

Prayer

Lord Jesus, you ascended in glory and promised the Spirit to make us your witnesses to the ends of the earth. Come, Holy Spirit. Make us witnesses: in this city, in this neighbourhood, in this family, beginning today. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

Acts
1
Prologue
(Luke 1:1–4)
In my first book, O Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach, until the day He was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles He had chosen. After His suffering, He presented Himself to them with many convincing proofs that He was alive. He appeared to them over a span of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God.
 
And while they were gathered together,* 1:4 Or eating together He commanded them: “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift the Father promised, which you have heard Me discuss. For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit. 1:5 Or For John baptized in water, but in a few days you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit; cited in Acts 11:16
The Ascension
(Mark 16:19–20; Luke 24:50–53)
 
So when they came together, they asked Him, “Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?”
 
Jesus replied, “It is not for you to know times or seasons that the Father has fixed by His own authority. But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”
 
After He had said this, they watched as He was taken up, and a cloud hid Him from their sight. 10 They were looking intently into the sky as He was going, when suddenly two men dressed in white stood beside them. 11 “Men of Galilee,” they said, “why do you stand here looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen Him go into heaven.”
Matthias Replaces Judas
 
12 Then they returned to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, which is near the city, a Sabbath day’s journey away. 1:12 A Sabbath day’s journey is 2,000 cubits (approximately 3,000 feet or 914.4 meters) 13 When they arrived, they went to the upper room where they were staying: Peter and John, James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James. 14 With one accord they all continued in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.
 
15 In those days Peter stood up among the brothers (a gathering of about a hundred and twenty) and said, 16 “Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled which the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide for those who arrested Jesus. 17 He was one of our number and shared in this ministry.”
 
18 (Now with the reward for his wickedness Judas bought a field; there he fell headlong and burst open in the middle, and all his intestines spilled out. 19 This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so they called that field in their own language Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.)
 
20 “For it is written in the book of Psalms:
 
‘May his place be deserted;
let there be no one to dwell in it,’§ 1:20 Psalms 69:25
 
and,
 
‘May another take his position.’* 1:20 Psalms 109:8
 
21 Therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have accompanied us the whole time the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 22 beginning from John’s baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection.”
 
23 So they proposed two men: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. 24 And they prayed, “Lord, You know everyone’s heart. Show us which of these two You have chosen 25 to take up this ministry and apostleship, which Judas abandoned to go to his rightful place.”
 
26 Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles.

*1:4 1:4 Or eating together

1:5 1:5 Or For John baptized in water, but in a few days you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit; cited in Acts 11:16

1:12 1:12 A Sabbath day’s journey is 2,000 cubits (approximately 3,000 feet or 914.4 meters)

§1:20 1:20 Psalms 69:25

*1:20 1:20 Psalms 109:8