Catholic Commentary on Proverbs 25

"If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat; if he is thirsty, give him water to drink." (Proverbs 25:21)

More Proverbs of Solomon

It is the glory of God to conceal a matter; to search out a matter is the glory of kings. Like the heavens for height and the earth for depth, so the hearts of kings are unsearchable. Remove the dross from the silver, and a silversmith can produce a vessel. Like a city whose walls are broken through is a person who lacks self-control. Like a snow-cooled drink at harvest time is a trustworthy messenger to the one who sends him. If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat; if he is thirsty, give him water to drink. In doing this, you will heap burning coals on his head, and the LORD will reward you. Like a fluttering sparrow or a darting swallow, an undeserved curse does not come to rest.

The Catechism identifies this proverb as one of the Old Testament foundations of the New Testament command to love enemies: the active good done to an enemy is the most powerful form of moral persuasion and the way God rewards the generous (CCC 1933). Paul quotes this passage directly in Romans 12:20.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, give your enemy food and water. Not because they deserve it, not because it is easy, not because it will make you feel good in the moment - but because the LORD will reward you, and because the burning coals of kindness have a better chance of changing a heart than the burning coals of retaliation.

Prayer

Lord God, give us the courage to feed our enemies. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

25
More Proverbs of Solomon
These are additional proverbs of Solomon, which were copied by the men of Hezekiah king of Judah:
 
It is the glory of God to conceal a matter
and the glory of kings to search it out.
As the heavens are high and the earth is deep,
so the hearts of kings cannot be searched.
 
Remove the dross from the silver,
and a vessel for a silversmith will come forth.
Remove the wicked from the king’s presence,
and his throne will be established in righteousness.
 
Do not exalt yourself in the presence of the king,
and do not stand in the place of great men;
for it is better that he says to you, “Come up here!”
than that you should be demoted in the presence of the prince.
 
Even what * 25:7 Or Even the one you have seen with your own eyes,
do not bring hastily to court.
Otherwise, what will you do in the end
when your neighbor puts you to shame?
 
Argue your case with your neighbor
without betraying another’s confidence,
10 lest the one who hears may disgrace you,
and your infamy never go away.
 
11 A word fitly spoken
is like apples of gold in settings of silver.
12 Like an earring of gold or an ornament of fine gold
is a wise man’s rebuke to a listening ear.
 
13 Like the cold of snow in the time of harvest
is a trustworthy messenger to those who send him;
he refreshes the soul of his masters.
 
14 Like clouds and wind without rain
is the man who boasts of gifts never given.
 
15 Through patience a ruler can be persuaded,
and a gentle tongue can break a bone.
 
16 If you find honey, eat just what you need,
lest you have too much and vomit it up.
 
17 Seldom set foot in your neighbor’s house,
lest he grow weary and hate you.
 
18 Like a club or sword or sharp arrow
is a man who bears false witness against his neighbor.
 
19 Like a broken tooth or a foot out of joint
is confidence in a faithless man in time of trouble.
 
20 Like one who removes a garment on a cold day
or vinegar poured on a wound 25:20 Or on soda
is one who sings songs to a heavy heart.
 
21 If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat,
and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink.
22 For in so doing, you will heap burning coals on his head, 25:22 LXX; Hebrew For you will heap burning coals on his head; cited in Romans 12:20
and the LORD will reward you.
 
23 As the north wind brings forth rain,
so a backbiting tongue brings angry looks.
 
24 Better to live on a corner of the roof
than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.
 
25 Like cold water to a weary soul
is good news from a distant land.
 
26 Like a muddied spring or a polluted well
is a righteous man who gives way to the wicked.
 
27 It is not good to eat too much honey
or to search out one’s own glory.
 
28 Like a city whose walls are broken down
is a man who does not control his temper.

*25:7 25:7 Or Even the one

25:20 25:20 Or on soda

25:22 25:22 LXX; Hebrew For you will heap burning coals on his head; cited in Romans 12:20