Catholic Commentary on Luke 6

"Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful." (Luke 6:36)

The Sermon on the Plain

After a night of prayer on the mountain, Jesus chooses the Twelve from among his disciples and comes down with them to a level place. There he delivers what Luke's Gospel calls the Sermon on the Plain, the parallel to Matthew's Sermon on the Mount. He begins with four blessings and four woes. The blessings are for the poor, the hungry, the weeping, and the excluded. The woes are for the rich, the well-fed, those who laugh now, and those whom everyone speaks well of. The structure is deliberate and demanding: the Kingdom inverts the world's value system. What the world calls blessed, Jesus calls woe. What the world calls woe, Jesus calls blessed.

St. Basil the Great preached on the beatitudes as a description not of different classes of people but of the same Christian soul at different moments: poor in spirit before God, hungry for righteousness, mourning over sin, excluded by the world for the sake of the Gospel. The beatitudes are not a description of the miserable. They are a description of the liberated.

Love Your Enemies

Jesus then delivers the most demanding ethical teaching in human history: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you. This is not natural. It is supernatural. No other ethical tradition in the ancient world proposed it. The Catechism calls this command the summit of the moral law, reflecting the very nature of God who causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous (CCC 1825). To love your enemy is to act like God.

Jesus grounds it in the character of the Father: Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful. The standard is not what is reasonable or what is fair. The standard is what God is. God does not love his enemies because they deserve it. He loves them because love is what he is. Christians are called to embody in human relationships the very character of God.

The Two Foundations

The sermon ends with the parable of the two builders. One builds on rock, one on sand. The floods come to both houses equally. Only the foundation determines what survives. Jesus makes his claim explicit: the one who comes to him, hears his words, and puts them into practice is the one building on rock. Hearing alone is not enough. James 1:22 will echo this: be doers of the word, not hearers only.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the command to love your enemies is not a counsel for the spiritually advanced. It is the baseline of Christian life. Begin with prayer: pray for the person who has hurt you, who has wronged you, who you least want to pray for. You do not need to feel love first. Pray first, and trust that the Father who commands it will provide what is needed to obey it.

Prayer

Lord Jesus, you command us to be merciful as the Father is merciful. We cannot do this from our own strength. Give us your mercy, large enough to include those who have wounded us, and your love, strong enough to bless those who curse us. Build our lives on the rock of your word. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

6
The Lord of the Sabbath
(1 Samuel 21:1–7; Matthew 12:1–8; Mark 2:23–28)
One Sabbath * 6:1 BYZ and TR On the second Sabbath after the first Jesus was passing through the grainfields, and His disciples began to pick the heads of grain, rub them in their hands, and eat them. But some of the Pharisees asked, “Why are you doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?”
 
Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? He entered the house of God, took the consecrated bread 6:4 Or the Bread of the Presence and gave it to his companions, and ate what is lawful only for the priests to eat.”
 
Then Jesus declared, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”
Jesus Heals on the Sabbath
(Matthew 12:9–14; Mark 3:1–6)
 
On another Sabbath Jesus entered the synagogue and was teaching, and a man was there whose right hand was withered. Looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, the scribes and Pharisees were watching Him closely to see if He would heal on the Sabbath.
 
But Jesus knew their thoughts and said to the man with the withered hand, “Get up and stand among us.” So he got up and stood there.
 
Then Jesus said to them, “I ask you, which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it?” 10 And after looking around at all of them, He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He did so, and it was restored.
 
11 But the scribes and Pharisees were filled with rage and began to discuss with one another what they might do to Jesus.
The Twelve Apostles
(Matthew 10:1–4; Mark 3:13–19)
 
12 In those days Jesus went out to the mountain to pray, and He spent the night in prayer to God. 13 When daylight came, He called His disciples to Him and chose twelve of them, whom He also designated as apostles: 14 Simon, whom He named Peter, and his brother Andrew; James and John; Philip and Bartholomew; 15 Matthew and Thomas; James son of Alphaeus and Simon called the Zealot; 16 Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.
Jesus Heals the Multitudes
(Matthew 4:23–25; Mark 3:7–12)
 
17 Then Jesus came down with them and stood on a level place. A large crowd of His disciples was there, along with a great number of people from all over Judea, Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon. 18 They had come to hear Him and to be healed of their diseases, and those troubled by unclean spirits were healed. 19 The entire crowd was trying to touch Him, because power was coming from Him and healing them all.
The Beatitudes
(Psalms 1:1–6; Matthew 5:3–12)
 
20 Looking up at His disciples, Jesus said:
 
“Blessed are you who are poor,
for yours is the kingdom of God.
21 Blessed are you who hunger now,
for you will be filled.
Blessed are you who weep now,
for you will laugh.
 
22 Blessed are you when people hate you, and when they exclude you and insult you and reject your name as evil because of the Son of Man. 23 Rejoice in that day and leap for joy, because great is your reward in heaven. For their fathers treated the prophets in the same way.
Woes to the Satisfied
(Amos 6:1–7)
 
24 But woe to you who are rich,
for you have already received your comfort.
25 Woe to you who are well fed now,
for you will hunger.
Woe to you who laugh now,
for you will mourn and weep.
26 Woe to you when all men speak well of you,
for their fathers treated the false prophets in the same way.
Love Your Enemies
(Matthew 5:38–48)
 
27 But to those of you who will listen, I say: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, 28 bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you. 29 If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone takes your cloak, do not withhold your tunic as well. 30 Give to everyone who asks you, and if anyone takes what is yours, do not demand it back. 31 Do to others as you would have them do to you.
 
32 If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? Even sinners love those who love them. 33 If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? Even sinners do the same. 34 And if you lend to those from whom you expect repayment, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, expecting to be repaid in full.
 
35 But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them, expecting nothing in return. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for He is kind to the ungrateful and wicked. 36 Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.
Judging Others
(Matthew 7:1–6; Romans 14:1–12)
 
37 Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven. 38 Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you.”
 
39 Jesus also told them a parable: “Can a blind man lead a blind man? Will they not both fall into a pit? 40 A disciple is not above his teacher, but everyone who is fully trained will be like his teacher.
 
41 Why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye, but fail to notice the beam in your own eye? 42 How can you say, ‘Brother, 6:42 Literally How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother let me take the speck out of your eye,’ while you yourself fail to see the beam in your own eye? You hypocrite! First take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.
A Tree and Its Fruit
(Matthew 7:15–23; Matthew 12:33–37)
 
43 No good tree bears bad fruit, nor does a bad tree bear good fruit. 44 For each tree is known by its own fruit. Indeed, figs are not gathered from thornbushes, nor grapes from brambles. 45 The good man brings good things out of the good treasure of his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil treasure of his heart. For out of the overflow of the heart, the mouth speaks.
The House on the Rock
(Matthew 7:24–27)
 
46 Why do you call Me ‘Lord, Lord,’ but not do what I say? 47 I will show you what he is like who comes to Me and hears My words and acts on them: 48 He is like a man building a house, who dug down deep and laid his foundation on the rock. When the flood came, the torrent crashed against that house but could not shake it, because it was well built.§ 6:48 BYZ and TR because its foundation was on the rock; see Matthew 7:25.
 
49 But the one who hears My words and does not act on them is like a man who built his house on ground without a foundation. The torrent crashed against that house, and immediately it fell—and great was its destruction!”

*6:1 6:1 BYZ and TR On the second Sabbath after the first

6:4 6:4 Or the Bread of the Presence

6:42 6:42 Literally How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother

§6:48 6:48 BYZ and TR because its foundation was on the rock; see Matthew 7:25.