Catholic Commentary on Job 4

"Who, being innocent, has ever perished? Where were the upright ever destroyed?" (Job 4:7)

Eliphaz: The Theology of Retribution

Eliphaz is the first friend to speak and the most sympathetic. He recalls that Job formerly instructed many and strengthened weak hands. But now trouble comes to him and he is dismayed. Then the argument: who, being innocent, has ever perished? Where were the upright ever destroyed? As I have observed, those who plow evil and those who sow trouble reap it. He recounts a night vision: a spirit passed before his face; a voice said: can a mortal be more righteous than God? Eliphaz applies the conventional wisdom of his tradition - the retributive principle that seemed to account for all observable suffering. Job must have done something to deserve this.

The Catechism identifies the friends' theology of retribution as the instinctive human framework for understanding suffering, one that Jesus himself corrects when his disciples ask whether the blind man or his parents sinned: neither, but that the works of God might be displayed (John 9:3). The book of Job exists to break this framework open (CCC 2447).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the instinct to find a cause for suffering in the sufferer's sin is almost universal and almost always unhelpful. Before you suggest to someone in pain what they might have done to deserve it, remember that God himself said of Job: he is blameless and upright. The suffering person before you may be the most righteous one in the room.

Prayer

Lord God, deliver us from the retributive instinct that interrogates the suffering for their hidden sin. Give us Job's patience and your own compassion. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

4
Eliphaz: The Innocent Prosper
Then Eliphaz the Temanite replied:
 
“If one ventures a word with you, will you be wearied?
Yet who can keep from speaking?
Surely you have instructed many,
and have strengthened their feeble hands.
Your words have steadied those who stumbled;
you have braced the knees that were buckling.
But now trouble has come upon you, and you are weary.
It strikes you, and you are dismayed.
Is your reverence not your confidence,
and the uprightness of your ways your hope?
 
Consider now, I plead:
 
Who, being innocent, has ever perished?
Or where have the upright been destroyed?
As I have observed, those who plow iniquity
and those who sow trouble reap the same.
By the breath of God they perish,
and by the blast of His anger they are consumed.
10 The lion may roar, and the fierce lion may growl,
yet the teeth of the young lions are broken.
11 The old lion perishes for lack of prey,
and the cubs of the lioness are scattered.
 
12 Now a word came to me secretly;
my ears caught a whisper of it.
13 In disquieting visions in the night,
when deep sleep falls on men,
14 fear and trembling came over me
and made all my bones shudder.
15 Then a spirit * 4:15 Or a wind glided past my face,
and the hair on my body bristled.
16 It stood still,
but I could not discern its appearance;
a form loomed before my eyes,
and I heard a whispering voice:
 
17 ‘Can a mortal be more righteous than God,
or a man more pure than his Maker?
18 If God puts no trust in His servants,
and He charges His angels with error,
19 how much more those who dwell in houses of clay,
whose foundations are in the dust,
who can be crushed like a moth!
20 They are smashed to pieces from dawn to dusk;
unnoticed, they perish forever.
21 Are not their tent cords pulled up,
so that they die without wisdom?’

*4:15 4:15 Or a wind