Catholic Commentary on Genesis 40

"Do not interpretations belong to God? Tell me your dreams." (Genesis 40:8)

The Cupbearer and the Baker

Two of Pharaoh's officials, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, offend their master and are put in prison where Joseph is confined. After they have been in prison for some time, they each have a dream on the same night, and each dream has its own meaning. They are dejected in the morning and Joseph asks them why. They explain that they have had dreams but there is no one to interpret them. Joseph says: Do not interpretations belong to God? Tell me your dreams. The question is the key to Joseph's entire ministry of interpretation: he does not claim the gift as his own but as a channel of divine communication. The Catechism identifies this disposition as the mark of all genuine spiritual gifts: they are given for others and find their source in God, not in the human receiver (CCC 2003).

Joseph interprets the cupbearer's dream: within three days Pharaoh will lift up your head and restore you to your position. He interprets the baker's: within three days Pharaoh will lift up your head, off your shoulders, and hang you on a tree. He asks the cupbearer to remember him and mention him to Pharaoh. Both interpretations come true on the third day, Pharaoh's birthday. The chief cupbearer is restored; the chief baker is hanged. But the chief cupbearer does not remember Joseph. He forgets him. Two more years pass.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, interpretations belong to God. Every gift of insight, wisdom, counsel, and understanding that you have been given belongs ultimately to him. The moment we claim these gifts as our own achievement, we close the channel through which they flow. Hold every gift lightly, attribute it to its source, and be available to serve with it whenever someone in your prison is troubled by their dreams.

Prayer

Lord God, interpretations belong to you. Give us the gifts that serve others and the humility to acknowledge their source. When the cupbearer forgets us, keep us from bitterness. Your timing is perfect and your purposes cannot be thwarted by another person's forgetfulness. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

40
The Cupbearer and the Baker
Some time later, the king’s cupbearer and baker offended their master, the king of Egypt. Pharaoh was angry with his two officers, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, and imprisoned them in the house of the captain of the guard, the same prison where Joseph was confined. The captain of the guard assigned them to Joseph, and he became their personal attendant.
 
After they had been in custody for some time, both of these men—the Egyptian king’s cupbearer and baker, who were being held in the prison—had a dream on the same night, and each dream had its own meaning.
 
When Joseph came to them in the morning, he saw that they were distraught. So he asked the officials of Pharaoh who were in custody with him in his master’s house, “Why are your faces so downcast today?”
 
“We both had dreams,” they replied, “but there is no one to interpret them.”
 
Then Joseph said to them, “Don’t interpretations belong to God? Tell me your dreams.”
 
So the chief cupbearer told Joseph his dream: “In my dream there was a vine before me, 10 and on the vine were three branches. As it budded, its blossoms opened and its clusters ripened into grapes. 11 Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand, and I took the grapes, squeezed them into his cup, and placed the cup in his hand.”
 
12 Joseph replied, “This is the interpretation: The three branches are three days. 13 Within three days Pharaoh will lift up your head and restore your position. You will put Pharaoh’s cup in his hand, just as you did when you were his cupbearer. 14 But when it goes well for you, please remember me and show me kindness by mentioning me to Pharaoh, that he might bring me out of this prison. 15 For I was kidnapped from the land of the Hebrews, and even here I have done nothing for which they should have put me in this dungeon.”
 
16 When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was favorable, he said to Joseph, “I too had a dream: There were three baskets of white bread on my head. 17 In the top basket were all sorts of baked goods for Pharaoh, but the birds were eating them out of the basket on my head.”
 
18 Joseph replied, “This is the interpretation: The three baskets are three days. 19 Within three days Pharaoh will lift off your head and hang you on a tree.* 40:19 Or and impale you on a pole; similarly in verse 22 Then the birds will eat the flesh of your body.”
 
20 On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. 21 Pharaoh restored the chief cupbearer to his position, so that he once again placed the cup in Pharaoh’s hand. 22 But Pharaoh hanged the chief baker, just as Joseph had described to them in his interpretation. 40:22 Literally had interpreted to them
 
23 The chief cupbearer, however, did not remember Joseph; he forgot all about him.

*40:19 40:19 Or and impale you on a pole; similarly in verse 22

40:22 40:22 Literally had interpreted to them