Catholic Commentary on Revelation 11

"The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah, and he will reign for ever and ever." (Revelation 11:15)

The Two Witnesses

John is given a reed to measure the temple of God and the altar and those who worship there, but not the outer court, which is given to the nations who will trample the holy city for forty-two months. God will appoint two witnesses who will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth. They are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth. They have power to shut up the sky so that it will not rain, to turn the waters into blood, and to strike the earth with every kind of plague. When they have finished their testimony, the beast from the Abyss will attack and kill them, leaving their bodies in the great city where the Lord was crucified. The world celebrates. After three and a half days the breath of life enters them and they stand on their feet, and they ascend to heaven in a cloud while their enemies look on.

The two witnesses represent the prophetic witness of the Church through history: always under threat, at times apparently defeated, but ultimately vindicated. The three and a half days of their death echoes the three days of Christ's burial and the resurrection that followed. The Catechism sees in the two witnesses the Church's unceasing prophetic mission, which the world will always resist and which God will always vindicate (CCC 674).

The Seventh Trumpet

When the seventh trumpet sounds, loud voices in heaven cry out: The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah, and he will reign for ever and ever. The twenty-four elders fall on their faces and worship, giving thanks because the Lord God Almighty has taken his great power and begun to reign. The temple in heaven is opened and the ark of the covenant is seen. Thunder, lightning, earthquake, and great hail.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord. This is not a future political prediction. It is the declaration of what the Cross accomplished: the decisive transfer of authority from the powers of this age to the crucified and risen Messiah. Every act of Christian witness, every sacrament administered, every act of mercy performed is done in this kingdom, under this reign. He will reign forever and ever. Act accordingly.

Prayer

Lord God Almighty, you have taken your great power and begun to reign. The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of your Messiah. Let us live as citizens of that kingdom, witnesses to your reign in the midst of the powers that have not yet acknowledged it. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

11
The Two Witnesses
Then I was given a measuring rod like a staff and was told, “Go and measure the temple of God and the altar, and count the number of worshipers there. But exclude the courtyard outside the temple. Do not measure it, because it has been given over to the nations, and they will trample the holy city for 42 months. And I will empower my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth.”
 
These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth.* 11:4 See Zechariah 4:14. If anyone wants to harm them, fire proceeds from their mouths and devours their enemies. In this way, anyone who wants to harm them must be killed. These witnesses have power to shut the sky so that no rain will fall during the days of their prophecy, and power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they wish.
The Witnesses Killed and Raised
 
When the two witnesses have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the Abyss will wage war with them, and will overpower and kill them. Their bodies will lie in the street of the great city—figuratively called Sodom and Egypt—where their Lord was also crucified. For three and a half days all peoples and tribes and tongues and nations will view their bodies and will not permit them to be laid in a tomb. 10 And those who dwell on the earth will gloat over them, and will celebrate and send one another gifts, because these two prophets had tormented them.
 
11 But after the three and a half days, the breath of life from God entered the two witnesses, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell upon those who saw them. 12 And the witnesses heard a loud voice from heaven saying, “Come up here.” And they went up to heaven in a cloud as their enemies watched them.
 
13 And in that hour there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city collapsed. Seven thousand were killed in the quake, and the rest were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.
 
14 The second woe has passed. Behold, the third woe is coming shortly.
The Seventh Trumpet
 
15 Then the seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and loud voices called out in heaven:
 
“The kingdom of the world
has become the kingdom of our Lord
and of His Christ,
and He will reign forever and ever.”
 
16 And the twenty-four elders who sit on their thrones before God fell on their faces and worshiped God, 17 saying:
 
“We give thanks to You, O Lord God Almighty,
the One who is and who was, 11:17 TR includes and who is to come.
because You have taken Your great power
and have begun to reign.
18 The nations were enraged, 11:18 See Psalms 2:1.
and Your wrath has come.
The time has come to judge the dead § 11:18 See Daniel 12:2.
and to reward Your servants the prophets,
as well as the saints and those who fear Your name,
both small and great—
and to destroy those who destroy the earth.”
 
19 Then the temple of God in heaven was opened, and the ark of His covenant appeared in His temple. And there were flashes of lightning, and rumblings, and peals of thunder, and an earthquake, and a great hailstorm.

*11:4 11:4 See Zechariah 4:14.

11:17 11:17 TR includes and who is to come.

11:18 11:18 See Psalms 2:1.

§11:18 11:18 See Daniel 12:2.