Catholic Commentary on Psalm 104

"How many are your works, LORD! In wisdom you made them all; the earth is full of your creatures." (Psalm 104:24)

A Hymn to Creation

Psalm 104 is the great creation hymn of the Psalter, moving through the elements of the created order with sustained wonder and theological precision. It echoes the structure of Genesis 1 while adding lyrical detail: God wraps himself in light as a garment, stretches out the heavens like a tent, makes clouds his chariot and rides on the wings of the wind. He set the earth on its foundations so it can never be moved. He makes springs pour forth in the valleys, he makes grass grow for cattle and plants for people to cultivate. The young lions roar for their prey and seek their food from God. The sea is teeming with creatures beyond number.

The theological centrepiece is verse 30: When you send your Spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the ground. Creation is not a past event but a continuous act. The Spirit who moved over the waters in Genesis 1 is always moving, always renewing, always sustaining. The Catechism calls this ongoing creative action of God creatio continua, the unceasing outpouring of being that holds all things in existence (CCC 301). The universe does not run itself. It is held by the Spirit at every moment. St. Francis of Assisi drew his Canticle of the Sun from this psalm, praising Brother Sun and Sister Water and Sister Earth as expressions of the same Creator who wraps himself in light.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, go outside today with the eyes of Psalm 104. The sky, the grass, the birds that nest in the trees, the darkness that brings the animals out, the sun that rises to begin the cycle again: all of this is the continuous creative work of the Spirit. The earth is full of God's creatures. Let that fill you with wonder before any other thought takes over.

Prayer

Lord God, how many are your works. In wisdom you made them all and the earth is full of your creatures. When you send your Spirit they are created and you renew the face of the ground. Let my meditation be pleasing to you as I rejoice in your works. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

104
How Many Are Your Works, O LORD!
Bless the LORD, O my soul!
 
O LORD my God, You are very great;
You are clothed with splendor and majesty.
He wraps Himself in light as with a garment;
He stretches out the heavens like a tent,
laying the beams of His chambers
in the waters above,
making the clouds His chariot,
walking on the wings of the wind.
He makes the winds His messengers,
flames of fire His servants.* 104:4 LXX He makes His angels winds, His servants flames of fire. Cited in Hebrews 1:7
 
He set the earth on its foundations,
never to be moved.
You covered it with the deep like a garment;
the waters stood above the mountains.
At Your rebuke the waters fled;
at the sound of Your thunder they hurried away—
the mountains rose and the valleys sank
to the place You assigned for them—
You set a boundary they cannot cross,
that they may never again cover the earth.
 
10 He sends forth springs in the valleys;
they flow between the mountains.
11 They give drink to every beast of the field;
the wild donkeys quench their thirst.
12 The birds of the air nest beside the springs;
they sing among the branches.
13 He waters the mountains from His chambers;
the earth is satisfied by the fruit of His works.
 
14 He makes the grass grow for the livestock
and provides crops for man to cultivate,
bringing forth food from the earth:
15 wine that gladdens the heart of man,
oil that makes his face to shine,
and bread that sustains his heart.
16 The trees of the LORD have their fill,
the cedars of Lebanon that He planted,
17 where the birds build their nests;
the stork makes her home in the cypresses. 104:17 Or pines or junipers or firs
18 The high mountains are for the wild goats,
the cliffs a refuge for the rock badgers. 104:18 Or the coneys or the hyraxes
 
19 He made the moon to mark the seasons;
the sun knows when to set.
20 You bring darkness, and it becomes night,
when all the beasts of the forest prowl.
21 The young lions roar for their prey
and seek their food from God.
22 The sun rises, and they withdraw;
they lie down in their dens.
23 Man goes forth to his work
and to his labor until evening.
 
24 How many are Your works, O LORD!
In wisdom You have made them all;
the earth is full of Your creatures.
25 Here is the sea, vast and wide,
teeming with creatures beyond number,
living things both great and small.
26 There the ships pass,
and Leviathan, which You formed to frolic there.
 
27 All creatures look to You
to give them their food in due season.
28 When You give it to them,
they gather it up;
when You open Your hand,
they are satisfied with good things.
29 When You hide Your face,
they are terrified;
when You take away their breath,
they die and return to dust.
30 When You send Your Spirit,§ 104:30 Or breath
they are created,
and You renew
the face of the earth.
 
31 May the glory of the LORD endure forever;
may the LORD rejoice in His works.
32 He looks on the earth,
and it trembles;
He touches the mountains,
and they smolder.
33 I will sing to the LORD all my life;
I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.
34 May my meditation be pleasing to Him,
for I rejoice in the LORD.
35 May sinners vanish from the earth
and the wicked be no more.
 
Bless the LORD, O my soul.
 
Hallelujah!* 104:35 Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD

*104:4 104:4 LXX He makes His angels winds, His servants flames of fire. Cited in Hebrews 1:7

104:17 104:17 Or pines or junipers or firs

104:18 104:18 Or the coneys or the hyraxes

§104:30 104:30 Or breath

*104:35 104:35 Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD