Catholic Commentary on Psalm 49

"But God will redeem me from the realm of the dead; he will surely take me to himself." (Psalm 49:15)

The Wisdom of Mortality

Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm addressed to all humanity: Hear this, all you peoples; listen, all who live in this world, both low and high, rich and poor alike. Its subject is the great leveller: death. The wise person is the person who has looked honestly at death and drawn the right conclusions about how to live. The fool is the person who trusts in wealth and boasts of great riches, as though money can buy a ransom from death. No one can redeem the life of another or give to God a ransom for them, the ransom for a life is costly, no payment is ever enough, so that they should live on forever and not see decay.

The wealthy person will die just like the fool. They will leave their wealth to others. Their inner thoughts will be that their houses are forever, their dwellings endure for all generations. But they are like the animals that perish. This is one of the Psalter's most unflinching meditations on the equality of death. The palace and the hovel come to the same end. The title and the anonymity are made equal by the grave.

God Will Redeem Me

But there is one exception to the universality of death's power: But God will redeem me from the realm of the dead; he will surely take me to himself. This is one of the clearest anticipations of resurrection faith in the Hebrew Scriptures. The psalmist does not know the full form of the hope. He has no developed doctrine of bodily resurrection. But he has a conviction: the person who trusts in God will not be abandoned to the same fate as those who trust in wealth. God will redeem him. God will take him. This is the seed from which the fully developed resurrection faith of the New Testament grows.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, Psalm 49 is the great psalm for our consumer culture. It names the temptation directly: trust in wealth, boast of great riches, do not be overawed when others grow rich. Then it names the reality: they cannot take it with them. God will redeem those who trust in him from the realm of death. This is the only security worth building your life on.

Prayer

Lord God, you will redeem us from the realm of the dead and take us to yourself. Deliver us from the fool's trust in wealth and the rich person's boast of great riches. Let us know the wisdom that looks at death and finds its hope only in you, the one who redeems. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

49
The Evanescence of Wealth
(Ecclesiastes 5:8–20)
For the choirmaster. A Psalm of the sons of Korah.
 
Hear this, all you peoples;
listen, all inhabitants of the world,
both low and high,
rich and poor alike.
My mouth will impart wisdom,
and the meditation of my heart will bring understanding.
I will incline my ear to a proverb;
I will express my riddle with the harp:
 
Why should I fear in times of trouble,
when wicked usurpers surround me?
They trust in their wealth
and boast in their great riches.
No man can possibly redeem his brother * 49:7 Or redeem another
or pay his ransom to God.
For the redemption of his soul is costly,
and never can payment suffice,
that he should live on forever
and not see decay.
 
10 For it is clear that wise men die,
and the foolish and the senseless both perish
and leave their wealth to others.
11 Their graves 49:11 LXX, Syriac, and Aramaic Targum; Hebrew Their inward thoughts are their eternal homes—
their dwellings for endless generations—
even though their lands were their namesakes.
12 But a man, despite his wealth, cannot endure;
he is like the beasts that perish.
 
13 This is the fate of the self-confident 49:13 Or the way of the foolish
and their followers who endorse their sayings.
Selah
14 Like sheep they are destined for Sheol.
Death will be their shepherd.
The upright will rule them in the morning,
and their form will decay in Sheol,
far from their lofty abode.
15 But God will redeem my life from Sheol,
for He will surely take me to Himself.
Selah
16 Do not be amazed when a man grows rich,
when the splendor of his house increases.
17 For when he dies, he will carry nothing away;
his abundance will not follow him down.
18 Though in his lifetime he blesses his soul—
and men praise you when you prosper—
19 he will join the generation of his fathers,
who will never see the light of day.
20 A man who has riches without understanding
is like the beasts that perish.

*49:7 49:7 Or redeem another

49:11 49:11 LXX, Syriac, and Aramaic Targum; Hebrew Their inward thoughts

49:13 49:13 Or the way of the foolish