Catholic Commentary on Proverbs 21

"The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD; he turns it wherever he will." (Proverbs 21:1)

God's Sovereignty over Human Affairs

The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD; he turns it wherever he will. A person may think their own ways are right, but the LORD weighs the heart. To do what is right and just is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice. Haughty eyes and a proud heart - the unploughed field of the wicked - produce sin. Whoever keeps the law is a discerning son, but a companion of gluttons disgraces his father. Whoever shuts their ears to the cry of the poor will also cry out and not be answered. Do not love sleep or you will grow poor; stay awake and you will have food to spare. The LORD's plans stand firm forever, the purposes of his heart through all generations.

The Catechism identifies divine sovereignty over the hearts of kings as the foundation of political theology: no human power operates independently of the God who can redirect it as he redirects a stream (CCC 269).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD. The most powerful person in your world is not beyond the reach of God's redirection. Pray for kings, presidents, and authorities not because prayer changes God's mind but because God redirects streams in response to the prayers of his people. The stream can turn.

Prayer

Lord God, the hearts of the powerful are streams in your hand. Turn them toward justice and righteousness. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

21
The King’s Heart
(Psalms 21:1-13)
The king’s heart is a waterway in the hand of the LORD;
He directs it where He pleases.
 
All a man’s ways seem right to him,
but the LORD weighs the heart.
 
To do righteousness and justice
is more desirable to the LORD than sacrifice.
 
Haughty eyes and a proud heart-
the guides of the wicked-are sin.
 
The plans of the diligent bring plenty,
as surely as haste leads to poverty.
 
Making a fortune by a lying tongue
is a vanishing mist, a deadly pursuit.
 
The violence of the wicked will sweep them away
because they refuse to do what is just.
 
The way of a guilty man is crooked,
but the conduct of the innocent is upright.
 
Better to live on a corner of the roof
than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.
 
10 The soul of the wicked man craves evil;
his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes.
 
11 When a mocker is punished, the simple gain wisdom;
and when a wise man is instructed, he acquires knowledge.
 
12 The Righteous One * 21:12 Or The righteous one considers the house of the wicked
and brings the wicked to ruin.
 
13 Whoever shuts his ears to the cry of the poor,
he too shall cry out and receive no answer.
 
14 A gift in secret soothes anger,
and a covert bribe 21:14 Hebrew a bribe in the bosom pacifies great wrath.
 
15 Justice executed is a joy to the righteous,
but a terror to the workers of iniquity.
 
16 The man who strays from the path of understanding
will rest in the assembly of the dead.
 
17 He who loves pleasure will become poor;
the one who loves wine and oil will never be rich.
 
18 The wicked become a ransom for the righteous,
and the faithless for the upright.
 
19 Better to live in the desert
than with a contentious and ill-tempered wife.
 
20 Precious treasures and oil are in the dwelling of the wise,
but a foolish man consumes them.
 
21 He who pursues righteousness and loving devotion
finds life, righteousness, and honor.
 
22 A wise man scales the city of the mighty
and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust.
 
23 He who guards his mouth and tongue
keeps his soul from distress.
 
24 Mocker is the name of the proud and arrogant man-
of him who acts with excessive pride.
 
25 The craving of the slacker kills him
because his hands refuse to work.
26 All day long he covets more,
but the righteous give without restraint.
 
27 The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable-
how much more so when brought with ill intent!
 
28 A lying witness will perish,
but the man who listens to truth will speak forever.
 
29 A wicked man hardens his face, 21:29 Or puts up a bold front
but the upright man makes his way sure.
 
30 There is no wisdom, no understanding, no counsel
that can prevail against the LORD.
 
31 A horse is prepared for the day of battle,
but victory is of the LORD.

*21:12 21:12 Or The righteous one

21:14 21:14 Hebrew a bribe in the bosom

21:29 21:29 Or puts up a bold front