Catholic Commentary on Matthew 19

"With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." (Matthew 19:26)

Marriage and the Kingdom

The Pharisees test Jesus about divorce: is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any and every reason? Jesus takes them back behind Moses to creation: At the beginning the Creator made them male and female, and said, for this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate. The one-flesh union is a creation ordinance, established by God before the Law of Moses, and therefore not subject to the modifications of the Law of Moses. The Catechism grounds the Church's teaching on the indissolubility of marriage in this passage: the marriage bond, validly contracted and consummated, is permanent because it participates in the permanent covenant of God with his people (CCC 1640). When the disciples respond that it is better not to marry, Jesus does not correct them: both marriage and celibacy for the Kingdom are genuine vocations, each bearing its own witness to the love of God.

The Children and the Rich Young Man

People bring children to Jesus to lay his hands on and pray for them. The disciples rebuke them. Jesus says: Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these. Immediately after this, a rich young man asks what good thing he must do to get eternal life. He has kept all the commandments. Jesus looks at him and loves him, then tells him: if you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions, give to the poor, and come, follow me. He goes away sad because he has great wealth. The juxtaposition of the children and the rich young man is Matthew's visual commentary: the children come with nothing and receive the blessing; the young man comes with much and leaves in sorrow. With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible. The salvation of the wealthy requires the miracle of detachment that only grace can produce.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the rich young man kept all the commandments and it was not enough. Not because the commandments are insufficient, but because following Christ always requires more than compliance. It requires the total gift of self, the one thing the young man was not able to give. Jesus looked at him and loved him before he named the cost. He looks at you the same way. What is the one thing you lack?

Prayer

Lord Jesus, you restored marriage to its original beauty and you invited the children to come to you. Give us the simplicity of children who come with nothing, and the courage the rich young man lacked: to sell what we are holding onto, give it to the poor, and follow you. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

19
Teachings about Divorce
(Mark 10:1–12)
When Jesus had finished saying these things, He left Galilee and went into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan. Large crowds followed Him, and He healed them there.
 
Then some Pharisees came and tested Him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”
 
Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’* 19:4 Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2 and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’ 19:5 Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX)? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.”
 
“Why then,” they asked, “did Moses order a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away? 19:7 See Deuteronomy 24:1.
 
Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart; but it was not this way from the beginning. Now I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman, commits adultery.§ 19:9 SBL and BYZ include And he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery; see Matthew 5:32.
 
10 His disciples said to Him, “If this is the case between a man and his wife, it is better not to marry.”
 
11 “Not everyone can accept this word,” He replied, “but only those to whom it has been given. 12 For there are eunuchs who were born that way; others were made that way by men; and still others live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.”
Jesus Blesses the Children
(Mark 10:13–16; Luke 18:15–17)
 
13 Then the little children were brought to Jesus for Him to place His hands on them and pray for them. And the disciples rebuked those who brought them. 14 But Jesus said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them! For the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.” 15 And after He had placed His hands on them, He went on from there.
The Rich Young Man
(Mark 10:17–31; Luke 18:18–30)
 
16 Just then a man came up to Jesus and inquired, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?”
 
17 “Why do you ask Me about what is good?”* 19:17 BYZ and TR 16...“Good Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?” 17 “Why do you call Me good?” See Mark 10:17–18 and Luke 18:18–19. Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.”
 
18 “Which ones?” the man asked.
 
Jesus answered, “ ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not bear false witness, 19 honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself.’ 19:19 Exodus 20:12–16; Leviticus 19:18; Deuteronomy 5:16–20
 
20 “All these I have kept,” said the young man. “What do I still lack?”
 
21 Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”
 
22 When the young man heard this, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.
 
23 Then Jesus said to His disciples, “Truly I tell you, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. 24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.”
 
25 When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and asked, “Who then can be saved?”
 
26 Jesus looked at them and said, “With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”
 
27 “Look,” Peter replied, “we have left everything to follow You. What then will there be for us?”
 
28 Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, 19:28 Or in the regeneration when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife § 19:29 NE, WH, and NA do not include or wife. or children or fields for the sake of My name will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life. 30 But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.

*19:4 19:4 Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2

19:5 19:5 Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX)

19:7 19:7 See Deuteronomy 24:1.

§19:9 19:9 SBL and BYZ include And he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery; see Matthew 5:32.

*19:17 19:17 BYZ and TR 16...“Good Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?” 17 “Why do you call Me good?” See Mark 10:17–18 and Luke 18:18–19.

19:19 19:19 Exodus 20:12–16; Leviticus 19:18; Deuteronomy 5:16–20

19:28 19:28 Or in the regeneration

§19:29 19:29 NE, WH, and NA do not include or wife.