Catholic Commentary on Matthew 17

"This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. Listen to him!" (Matthew 17:5)

The Mountain of Light

Six days after Peter's confession, Jesus takes Peter, James, and John up a high mountain. There he is transfigured before them: his face shines like the sun, his clothes become as white as light. Moses and Elijah appear and speak with him. The Law and the Prophets stand with the one who fulfils them, visually confirming what Peter confessed at Caesarea Philippi. Peter, overwhelmed, wants to build three shelters. Matthew notes gently that he did not know what he was saying. Then a bright cloud overshadows them and the Father speaks: This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. Listen to him! The disciples fall facedown in terror. Jesus comes and touches them: Get up. Don't be afraid. The Catechism calls the Transfiguration a foretaste of the Resurrection glory, given to strengthen the disciples before the Passion (CCC 568). Before the Cross, the Father shows them the goal toward which it leads.

Help My Unbelief

At the foot of the mountain, a man brings his convulsing son to the disciples, who cannot heal him. Jesus heals the boy, and when the disciples ask privately why they could not, he answers: Because you have so little faith. Truly I tell you, if you have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, Move from here to there, and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you. The mountain they have just descended from cannot resist even mustard-seed faith. But the disciples' faith is smaller than that. The cure for small faith, Jesus adds in some manuscripts, is prayer and fasting: the spiritual power required for the hardest battles is built in the quiet disciplines of the ordinary days, not assembled at the last minute when the crisis arrives.

The Temple Tax

A small but instructive scene closes the chapter. Tax collectors ask whether Jesus pays the Temple tax. Jesus tells Peter: the kings of the earth collect duty from others, not from their own sons; so the sons are exempt. But to avoid giving offence, go to the lake and catch the first fish; open its mouth and you will find a shekel. Pay the tax for both of us. The Son of God is exempt from the tax on the Temple that he owns. He pays it anyway, to avoid causing offence. This is the pattern of his entire ministry: he who is free submits, so that his freedom does not become a stumbling block to those who are still learning what freedom means.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the command from the cloud, listen to him, is still being given. Not to the competing voices of culture, comfort, or fear. Listen to the one whose face shone like the sun. Every time you open the Scriptures, every time you hear the homily, every time you sit in silence before the Blessed Sacrament, that voice from the cloud is present: listen to him. His word is worth everything.

Prayer

Lord Jesus, on the mountain of Transfiguration your glory was revealed and your Father commanded us to listen to you. Help us to hear your voice above all the noise that competes for our attention. Sustain us through the darkness between the mountain and the empty tomb, trusting that the glory is real and the Cross is the way to it. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

17
The Transfiguration
(Mark 9:1–13; Luke 9:28–36; 2 Peter 1:16–21)
After six days Jesus took with Him Peter, James, and John the brother of James, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. There He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became as white as the light.
 
Suddenly Moses and Elijah appeared before them, talking with Jesus. Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here. If You wish, I will put up three shelters * 17:4 Or three tabernacles—one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”
 
While Peter was still speaking, a bright cloud enveloped them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. 17:5 Cited in 2 Peter 1:17 Listen to Him!” When the disciples heard this, they fell facedown in terror.
 
Then Jesus came over and touched them. “Get up,” He said. “Do not be afraid.” And when they looked up, they saw no one except Jesus.
 
As they were coming down the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about this vision until the Son of Man has been raised from the dead.”
 
10 The disciples asked Him, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”
 
11 Jesus replied, “Elijah does indeed come, and he will restore all things. 12 But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him whatever they wished. In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.”
 
13 Then the disciples understood that He was speaking to them about John the Baptist.
The Boy with a Demon
(Mark 9:14–29; Luke 9:37–42)
 
14 When they came to the crowd, a man came up to Jesus and knelt before Him. 15 “Lord, have mercy on my son,” he said. “He has seizures and is suffering terribly. He often falls into the fire or into the water. 16 I brought him to Your disciples, but they could not heal him.”
 
17 “O unbelieving and perverse generation!” Jesus replied. “How long must I remain with you? How long must I put up with you? Bring the boy here to Me.” 18 Then Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of the boy, and he was healed from that moment.
The Power of Faith
(Luke 17:5–10)
 
19 Afterward the disciples came to Jesus privately and asked, “Why couldn’t we drive it out?”
 
20 “Because you have so little faith,” He answered. “For truly I tell you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.” 17:20 BYZ and TR include 21 But this kind does not come out except by prayer and fasting; see Mark 9:29.
The Second Prediction of the Passion
(Mark 9:30–32; Luke 9:43–45)
 
22 When they gathered together in Galilee, Jesus told them, “The Son of Man is about to be delivered into the hands of men. 23 They will kill Him, and on the third day He will be raised to life.” And the disciples were deeply grieved.
The Temple Tax
 
24 After they had arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma tax § 17:24 Greek the didrachma; twice in this verse came to Peter and asked, “Does your Teacher pay the two drachmas?”
 
25 “Yes,” he answered.
 
When Peter entered the house, Jesus preempted him. “What do you think, Simon?” He asked. “From whom do the kings of the earth collect customs and taxes: from their own sons, or from others?”
 
26 “From others,” Peter answered.
 
“Then the sons are exempt,” Jesus declared. 27 “But so that we may not offend them, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take the first fish you catch. When you open its mouth, you will find a four-drachma coin.* 17:27 Greek a stater; that is, a silver coin worth approximately one shekel Take it and give it to them for My tax and yours.”

*17:4 17:4 Or three tabernacles

17:5 17:5 Cited in 2 Peter 1:17

17:20 17:20 BYZ and TR include 21 But this kind does not come out except by prayer and fasting; see Mark 9:29.

§17:24 17:24 Greek the didrachma; twice in this verse

*17:27 17:27 Greek a stater; that is, a silver coin worth approximately one shekel