Catholic Commentary on Luke 18

"God, have mercy on me, a sinner." (Luke 18:13)

The Persistent Widow

Luke explicitly states the purpose of the first parable: Jesus tells it to show them that they should always pray and not give up. A widow comes repeatedly to a judge who neither fears God nor cares about people, pleading for justice against her adversary. The judge finally relents not from justice but from weariness: she will wear me out with her coming. Jesus draws the conclusion: if even an unjust judge grants justice to a persistent widow, how much more will God bring about justice for his chosen ones who cry out to him day and night? Will he keep putting them off? I tell you, he will see that they get justice, and quickly. Then he asks a question that hangs in the air over all the Gospel's teaching on prayer: When the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?

The Catechism describes persevering prayer as the essential form of the Christian life: not the intensity of the occasional dramatic prayer, but the steady, faithful returning day after day, whether we feel like it or not, whether we sense God's presence or not (CCC 2742). The widow's power is not her eloquence. It is her return.

The Pharisee and the Tax Collector

Two men go up to the Temple to pray. The Pharisee prays about himself: God, I thank you that I am not like other people, robbers, evildoers, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week and give a tenth of all I get. The tax collector stands at a distance, will not even look up to heaven, beats his breast, and says: God, have mercy on me, a sinner. Jesus says the tax collector went home justified, not the Pharisee. The Pharisee's prayer is technically accurate. He is describing real virtues. But he is comparing himself to others rather than presenting himself before God. The tax collector brings nothing but his need. The prayer of the tax collector has become one of the foundational prayers of the Christian tradition, especially in Eastern Christianity: the Jesus Prayer, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me a sinner, is its direct descendant.

The Rich Ruler and Blind Bartimaeus

A rich ruler asks Jesus how to inherit eternal life. He has kept all the commandments from youth. Jesus looks at him and tells him one thing is missing: sell everything, give to the poor, and come, follow me. The man is very rich and becomes sad. Jesus says it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle. The disciples ask: who then can be saved? What is impossible with man is possible with God. Then blind Bartimaeus cries out from the roadside: Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me! He receives his sight and follows Jesus. The one who has nothing, crying for mercy, receives everything. The one who has everything, unable to let go, goes away sad.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the tax collector's prayer is one sentence and it is everything: God, have mercy on me, a sinner. You do not need a longer prayer. You do not need a better record. You do not need to compare yourself favourably to anyone. Come before God as the tax collector came: at a distance, head bowed, with nothing to offer but the need. That is enough. It is more than enough.

Prayer

God, have mercy on me, a sinner. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, have mercy on me, a sinner. Teach me to pray as the tax collector prayed: without pretence, without comparison, without anything but need. And in that emptiness, fill me with your grace. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

18
The Parable of the Persistent Widow
Then Jesus told them a parable about their need to pray at all times and not lose heart: “In a certain town there was a judge who neither feared God nor respected men. And there was a widow in that town who kept appealing to him, ‘Give me justice against my adversary.’
 
For a while he refused, but later he said to himself, ‘Though I neither fear God nor respect men, yet because this widow keeps pestering me, I will give her justice. Then she will stop wearing me out with her perpetual requests.’ ”
 
And the Lord said, “Listen to the words of the unjust judge. Will not God bring about justice for His elect who cry out to Him day and night? Will He continue to defer their help? I tell you, He will promptly carry out justice on their behalf. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will He find faith on earth?”
The Pharisee and the Tax Collector
 
To some who trusted in their own righteousness and viewed others with contempt, He also told this parable: 10 “Two men went up to the temple to pray. One was a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. 11 The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed,* 18:11 Or stood and prayed to himself ‘God, I thank You that I am not like the other men—swindlers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector. 12 I fast twice a week and pay tithes of all that I acquire.’
 
13 But the tax collector stood at a distance, unwilling even to lift up his eyes to heaven. Instead, he beat his breast and said, ‘God, have mercy on me, a sinner!’ 14 I tell you, this man, rather than the Pharisee, went home justified. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”
Jesus Blesses the Children
(Matthew 19:13–15; Mark 10:13–16)
 
15 Now people were even bringing their babies to Jesus for Him to place His hands on them. And when the disciples saw this, they rebuked those who brought them.
 
16 But Jesus called the children to Him and said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them! For the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. 17 Truly I tell you, anyone who does not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will never enter it.”
The Rich Young Ruler
(Matthew 19:16–30; Mark 10:17–31)
 
18 Then a certain ruler asked Him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
 
19 “Why do you call Me good?” Jesus replied. “No one is good except God alone. 20 You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not bear false witness, honor your father and mother.’ 18:20 Exodus 20:12–16; Deuteronomy 5:16–20
 
21 “All these I have kept from my youth,” he said.
 
22 On hearing this, Jesus told him, “You still lack one thing: Sell everything you own and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”
 
23 But when the ruler heard this, he became very sad, because he was extremely wealthy.
 
24 Seeing the man’s sadness, 18:24 Literally Seeing that he had become sorrowful; SBL, NE, and WH Seeing him Jesus said, “How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God! 25 Indeed, it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.”
 
26 Those who heard this asked, “Who then can be saved?”
 
27 But Jesus said, “What is impossible with man is possible with God.”
 
28 “Look,” said Peter, “we have left all we had § 18:28 Literally left our own; BYZ and TR left all to follow You.”
 
29 “Truly I tell you,” Jesus replied, “no one who has left home or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God 30 will fail to receive many times more in this age—and in the age to come, eternal life.”
The Third Prediction of the Passion
(Matthew 20:17–19; Mark 10:32–34)
 
31 Then Jesus took the Twelve aside and said to them, “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything the prophets have written about the Son of Man will be fulfilled. 32 He will be delivered over to the Gentiles and will be mocked and insulted and spit upon. 33 They will flog Him and kill Him, and on the third day He will rise again.”
 
34 But the disciples did not understand any of these things. The meaning was hidden from them, and they did not comprehend what He was saying.
Jesus Heals a Blind Beggar
(Matthew 20:29–34; Mark 10:46–52)
 
35 As Jesus drew near to Jericho, a blind man was sitting beside the road, begging. 36 When he heard the crowd going by, he asked what was happening.
 
37 “Jesus of Nazareth is passing by,” they told him.
 
38 So he called out, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!”
 
39 Those who led the way admonished him to be silent, but he cried out all the louder, “Son of David, have mercy on me!”
 
40 Jesus stopped and directed that the man be brought to Him. When he had been brought near, Jesus asked him, 41 “What do you want Me to do for you?”
 
“Lord,” he said, “let me see again.”
 
42 “Receive your sight!” Jesus replied. “Your faith has healed you.” 43 Immediately he received his sight and followed Jesus, glorifying God. And all the people who saw this gave praise to God.

*18:11 18:11 Or stood and prayed to himself

18:20 18:20 Exodus 20:12–16; Deuteronomy 5:16–20

18:24 18:24 Literally Seeing that he had become sorrowful; SBL, NE, and WH Seeing him

§18:28 18:28 Literally left our own; BYZ and TR left all