Catholic Commentary on Luke 10

"But one thing is needed. Mary has chosen what is better, and it will not be taken away from her." (Luke 10:42)

The Seventy-Two

Jesus appoints seventy-two disciples and sends them out two by two ahead of him into every town he is about to visit. The number seventy-two corresponds to the seventy-two nations of the world in Jewish tradition: the mission is already looking beyond Israel. They are sent as lambs among wolves, without purse or bag or sandals, to proclaim: The Kingdom of God has come near to you. When they return rejoicing that even the demons submit to them in his name, Jesus responds: I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. Every act of the Kingdom, every healing and every proclamation, is a blow struck against the power of the enemy. But Jesus redirects their joy: Do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven. The greatest gift is not power. It is belonging to God.

The Good Samaritan

A lawyer asks Jesus what he must do to inherit eternal life, and then, wanting to justify himself, asks: And who is my neighbour? Jesus answers with the parable of the Good Samaritan. A man is beaten and left for dead. A priest passes on the other side. A Levite passes on the other side. A Samaritan, a member of a despised ethnic group considered half-pagan by Jews, stops, tends the wounds, carries him to an inn, pays his care. Jesus asks: which of the three was the neighbour? The answer forces the lawyer to say what he did not want to say: the Samaritan.

St. Augustine read the parable as allegory: the wounded man is every human being, wounded by sin and left for dead; the priest and Levite are the Law and the Prophets, which reveal the wound but cannot heal it; the Samaritan is Christ, who comes from outside the expected categories, stoops down, and pays the cost of our healing with his own blood. Whether or not this is the primary meaning, it is theologically profound. The neighbour is not defined by proximity or ethnicity. The neighbour is whoever is in front of you and in need.

Mary and Martha

At Bethany, Martha receives Jesus into her home and is distracted by the preparations. Mary sits at the feet of Jesus and listens. Martha complains. Jesus answers: Martha, Martha, you are worried and upset about many things, but few things are needed, or indeed only one. Mary has chosen what is better, and it will not be taken away from her. The Church has always read this as the relationship between the active and contemplative life. Both are needed. But when forced to choose, the contemplative has priority: all action must flow from sitting at the feet of Christ. A Church that is all Martha and no Mary will burn out. A Church that is all Mary and no Martha will be useless. The order matters: listen first, serve second.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the Good Samaritan did not ask whether the wounded man deserved help. He did not calculate the cost before he stopped. He saw, he was moved with compassion, and he acted. Then he paid the full cost. This is the shape of mercy: seeing, feeling, acting, and paying. Where has God placed a wounded person on your road today?

Prayer

Lord Jesus, Good Samaritan of our wounded humanity, you stopped for us when we lay beaten by sin. Teach us to stop for others with the same compassion. And in the midst of all our doing and serving, draw us first to sit at your feet, for you are the one thing necessary. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

10
Jesus Sends the Seventy-Two
(Matthew 9:35–38)
After this, the Lord appointed seventy-two * 10:1 NE, BYZ, and TR seventy; also in verse 17 others and sent them two by two ahead of Him to every town and place He was about to visit. And He told them, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into His harvest.
 
Go! I am sending you out like lambs among wolves. Carry no purse or bag or sandals. Do not greet anyone along the road.
 
Whatever house you enter, begin by saying, ‘Peace to this house.’ If a man of peace is there, your peace will rest on him; if not, it will return to you. Stay at the same house, eating and drinking whatever you are offered. For the worker is worthy of his wages. 10:7 See Leviticus 19:13 and Deuteronomy 24:14–15; cited in 1 Timothy 5:18. Do not move around from house to house.
 
If you enter a town and they welcome you, eat whatever is set before you. Heal the sick who are there and tell them, ‘The kingdom of God is near you.’
 
10 But if you enter a town and they do not welcome you, go into the streets and declare, 11 ‘Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet, we wipe off as a testimony against you. Yet be sure of this: The kingdom of God is near.’ 12 I tell you, it will be more bearable on that day for Sodom than for that town.
Woe to the Unrepentant
(Matthew 11:20–24)
 
13 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. 14 But it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you.
 
15 And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted up to heaven? No, you will be brought down to Hades!
 
16 Whoever listens to you listens to Me; whoever rejects you rejects Me; and whoever rejects Me rejects the One who sent Me.”
The Joyful Return
 
17 The seventy-two returned with joy and said, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in Your name.”
 
18 So He told them, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. 19 Behold, I have given you authority to tread on snakes and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy. Nothing will harm you. 20 Nevertheless, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.”
Jesus’ Prayer of Thanksgiving
(Matthew 11:25–30)
 
21 At that time Jesus rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and declared, “I praise You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because You have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them to little children. Yes, Father, for this was well-pleasing in Your sight.
 
22 All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father. No one knows who the Son is except the Father, and no one knows who the Father is except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him.”
 
23 Then Jesus turned to the disciples and said privately, “Blessed are the eyes that see what you see. 24 For I tell you that many prophets and kings desired to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it.”
The Parable of the Good Samaritan
 
25 One day an expert in the law stood up to test Him. “Teacher,” he asked, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
 
26 “What is written in the Law?” Jesus replied. “How do you read it?”
 
27 He answered, “ ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind’ 10:27 Deuteronomy 6:5 and ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’§ 10:27 Leviticus 19:18
 
28 “You have answered correctly,” Jesus said. “Do this and you will live.”
 
29 But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”
 
30 Jesus took up this question and said, “A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho when he fell into the hands of robbers. They stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead.
 
31 Now by chance a priest was going down the same road, but when he saw him, he passed by on the other side.
 
32 So too, when a Levite came to that spot and saw him, he passed by on the other side.
 
33 But when a Samaritan on a journey came upon him, he looked at him and had compassion. 34 He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him.
 
35 The next day he took out two denarii * 10:35 A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. and gave them to the innkeeper. ‘Take care of him,’ he said, ‘and on my return I will repay you for any additional expense.’
 
36 Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?”
 
37 “The one who showed him mercy,” replied the expert in the law.
 
Then Jesus told him, “Go and do likewise.”
Martha and Mary
 
38 As they traveled along, Jesus entered a village where a woman named Martha welcomed Him into her home. 39 She had a sister named Mary, who sat at the Lord’s feet listening to His message. 40 But Martha was distracted by all the preparations to be made. She came to Jesus and said, “Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her to help me!”
 
41 “Martha, Martha,” the Lord replied, “you are worried and upset about many things. 42 But only one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the good portion, and it will not be taken away from her.”

*10:1 10:1 NE, BYZ, and TR seventy; also in verse 17

10:7 10:7 See Leviticus 19:13 and Deuteronomy 24:14–15; cited in 1 Timothy 5:18.

10:27 10:27 Deuteronomy 6:5

§10:27 10:27 Leviticus 19:18

*10:35 10:35 A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2.