Catholic Commentary on Lamentations 1

“Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look around and see. Is any suffering like my suffering that was inflicted on me?” (Lamentations 1:12)

The Book of Lamentations

Lamentations is a collection of five poems mourning the destruction of Jerusalem in 587 BC. Written in the acrostic form (chapters 1, 2, 4, and 5 following the Hebrew alphabet; chapter 3 tripling each letter), they are among the most formally disciplined expressions of grief in world literature. The discipline of the form does not diminish the rawness of the grief; it channels and sustains it. Attributed by tradition to Jeremiah, Lamentations is still read in the Jewish liturgy on the ninth of Av, the anniversary of the Temple's destruction.

The first poem personifies Jerusalem as a weeping widow abandoned by her lovers and her friends: how deserted lies the city, once so full of people. All who honored her despise her. Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look around and see. Is any suffering like my suffering that was inflicted on me, that the LORD brought on me in the day of his fierce anger?

The Catechism identifies Lamentations as the biblical model of communal lamentation: the grief of the community brought before God in honest, formal, public prayer (CCC 2584).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? The suffering community addresses the world with its pain. The question is not rhetorical; it is an appeal. When you pass by suffering, can you pass by? The suffering of the desolate city and the suffering of the individual in your community makes the same appeal: look and see. Do not be among those who pass by.

Prayer

Lord God, do not let us pass by the suffering of your people without looking and seeing. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

Lamentations
1
How Lonely Lies the City!
(2 Kings 24:10-17)
How * 1:1 This chapter is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. lonely lies the city,
once so full of people!
She who was great among the nations
has become a widow.
The princess of the provinces
has become a slave.
 
She weeps aloud in the night,
with tears upon her cheeks.
Among all her lovers
there is no one to comfort her.
All her friends have betrayed her;
they have become her enemies.
 
Judah has gone into exile
under affliction and harsh slavery;
she dwells among the nations
but finds no place to rest.
All her pursuers have overtaken her
in the midst of her distress.
 
The roads to Zion mourn,
because no one comes to her appointed feasts.
All her gates are deserted;
her priests groan,
her maidens grieve,
and she herself is bitter with anguish.
 
Her foes have become her masters;
her enemies are at ease.
For the LORD has brought her grief
because of her many transgressions.
Her children have gone away
as captives before the enemy.
 
All the splendor has departed
from the Daughter of Zion.
Her princes are like deer
that find no pasture;
they lack the strength to flee
in the face of the hunter.
 
In the days of her affliction and wandering
Jerusalem remembers all the treasures
that were hers in days of old.
When her people fell into enemy hands
she received no help.
Her enemies looked upon her,
laughing at her downfall.
 
Jerusalem has sinned greatly;
therefore she has become an object of scorn.
All who honored her now despise her,
for they have seen her nakedness; 1:8 Or her shame
she herself groans and turns away.
 
Her uncleanness stains her skirts;
she did not consider her end.
Her downfall was astounding;
there was no one to comfort her.
Look, O LORD, on my affliction,
for the enemy has triumphed!
 
10 The adversary has seized
all her treasures.
For she has seen the nations
enter her sanctuary-
those You had forbidden
to enter Your assembly.
 
11 All her people groan
as they search for bread.
They have traded their treasures for food
to keep themselves alive.
Look, O LORD, and consider,
for I have become despised.
 
12 Is this nothing to you, all you who pass by?
Look around and see!
Is there any sorrow like mine,
which was inflicted on me,
which the LORD made me suffer
on the day of His fierce anger?
 
13 He sent fire from on high,
and it overpowered my bones.
He spread a net for my feet
and turned me back.
He made me desolate,
faint all the day long.
 
14 My transgressions are bound into a yoke, 1:14 Most Hebrew manuscripts; other Hebrew manuscripts and LXX He kept watch over my sins
knit together by His hand;
they are draped over my neck,
and the Lord has broken my strength.
He has delivered me into the hands
of those I cannot withstand.
 
15 The Lord has rejected
all the mighty men in my midst;
He has summoned an army against me § 1:15 Or has set a time for me
to crush my young warriors.
Like grapes in a winepress,
the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah.
 
16 For these things I weep;
my eyes flow with tears.
For there is no one nearby to comfort me,
no one to revive my soul.
My children are destitute
because the enemy has prevailed.
 
17 Zion stretches out her hands,
but there is no one to comfort her.
The LORD has decreed against Jacob
that his neighbors become his foes.
Jerusalem has become
an unclean thing among them.
 
18 The LORD is righteous,
for I have rebelled against His command.
Listen, all you people;
look upon my suffering.
My young men and maidens
have gone into captivity.
 
19 I called out to my lovers,
but they have betrayed me.
My priests and elders
perished in the city
while they searched for food
to keep themselves alive.
 
20 See, O LORD, how distressed I am!
I am churning within;
my heart is pounding within me,
for I have been most rebellious.
Outside, the sword bereaves;
inside, there is death.
 
21 People have heard my groaning,
but there is no one to comfort me.
All my enemies have heard of my trouble;
they are glad that You have caused it.
May You bring the day You have announced,
so that they may become like me.
 
22 Let all their wickedness come before You,
and deal with them
as You have dealt with me
because of all my transgressions.
For my groans are many,
and my heart is faint.

*1:1 1:1 This chapter is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

1:8 1:8 Or her shame

1:14 1:14 Most Hebrew manuscripts; other Hebrew manuscripts and LXX He kept watch over my sins

§1:15 1:15 Or has set a time for me