Catholic Commentary on John 11

"I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die." (John 11:25)

Jesus Wept

The shortest verse in the New Testament contains one of its deepest truths. Jesus wept (v.35). The eternal Son of God, who is about to raise a dead man to life, stands at the tomb of his friend Lazarus and weeps. Why? He already knows what is about to happen. He has already declared himself the resurrection and the life. And yet he weeps. Because the grief of Martha and Mary is real. Because death is an enemy that offends the love of God. Because the Incarnation means that the Son of God has truly entered into human sorrow and not merely observed it from a safe distance.

St. Ambrose wrote that in Jesus weeping, we see the tenderness of God. The Catechism speaks of Christ's compassion as flowing from his humanity, fully real and fully feeling, united to a divine love that can actually do something about the suffering it enters (CCC 470). When you bring your grief to the Lord in prayer, you are bringing it to someone who has wept at a graveside. He understands.

I Am the Resurrection and the Life

Before he calls Lazarus from the tomb, Jesus speaks to Martha. She believes in the resurrection on the last day: a good Jewish belief, theologically correct, and utterly cold comfort in the present moment. Jesus does not correct her theology. He transforms it. I am the resurrection and the life. Not: I will bring about resurrection. I AM resurrection. The event she is waiting for at the end of time is standing in front of her in the flesh.

This is the fifth great "I AM" declaration in John and the most personally directed one. Jesus asks Martha: Do you believe this? He asks us the same question. Not: do you believe in a future resurrection as an abstract doctrine? Do you believe that the Person standing before you in the Eucharist, in the Scriptures, in prayer, is himself the source of all life?

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, Lazarus comes out of the tomb still bound in his burial cloths, and Jesus says to those standing by: Unbind him and let him go (v.44). This is the work of the Church in every generation. Christ raises. The community unbinds. We are called to help one another shed the grave clothes of sin, shame, and fear that cling to us even after Christ has called us out of darkness. Who in your life still needs help being unbound?

Prayer

Lord Jesus, resurrection and life: stand at the tomb of whatever in us is dead, and call it out into your light. Unbind us from every grave cloth of sin and despair. Console all who weep at the graves of those they love, with the certain hope that you are the resurrection and the life. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

11
The Death of Lazarus
At this time a man named Lazarus was sick. He lived in Bethany, the village of Mary and her sister Martha. (Mary, whose brother Lazarus was sick, was to anoint the Lord with perfume and wipe His feet * 11:2 Literally was the one having anointed the Lord with fragrant oil and having wiped His feet; see John 12:3. with her hair.) So the sisters sent word to Jesus, “Lord, the one You love is sick.”
 
When Jesus heard this, He said, “This sickness will not end in death. No, it is for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.”
 
Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus. So on hearing that Lazarus was sick, He stayed where He was for two days, and then He said to the disciples, “Let us go back to Judea.”
 
“Rabbi,” they replied, “the Jews just tried to stone You, and You are going back there?”
 
Jesus answered, “Are there not twelve hours of daylight? If anyone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world. 10 But if anyone walks at night, he will stumble, because he has no light.”
 
11 After He had said this, He told them, “Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I am going there to wake him up.”
 
12 His disciples replied, “Lord, if he is sleeping, he will get better.” 13 They thought that Jesus was talking about actual sleep, but He was speaking about the death of Lazarus.
 
14 So Jesus told them plainly, “Lazarus is dead, 15 and for your sake I am glad I was not there, so that you may believe. But let us go to him.”
 
16 Then Thomas called Didymus 11:16 Didymus means the twin. said to his fellow disciples, “Let us also go, so that we may die with Him.”
Jesus Comforts Martha and Mary
 
17 When Jesus arrived, He found that Lazarus had already spent four days in the tomb. 18 Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, a little less than two miles 11:18 Greek about fifteen stadia; that is, approximately 1.72 miles or 2.78 kilometers away, 19 and many of the Jews had come to Martha and Mary to console them in the loss of their brother. 20 So when Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went out to meet Him; but Mary stayed at home.
 
21 Martha said to Jesus, “Lord, if You had been here, my brother would not have died. 22 But even now I know that God will give You whatever You ask of Him.”
 
23 “Your brother will rise again,” Jesus told her.
 
24 Martha replied, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection at the last day.”
 
25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in Me will live, even though he dies. 26 And everyone who lives and believes in Me will never die. Do you believe this?”
 
27 “Yes, Lord,” she answered, “I believe that You are the Christ, the Son of God, who was to come into the world.”
 
28 After Martha had said this, she went back and called her sister Mary aside to tell her, “The Teacher is here and is asking for you.” 29 And when Mary heard this, she got up quickly and went to Him.
 
30 Now Jesus had not yet entered the village, but was still at the place where Martha had met Him. 31 When the Jews who were in the house consoling Mary saw how quickly she got up and went out, they followed her, supposing she was going to the tomb to mourn there. 32 When Mary came to Jesus and saw Him, she fell at His feet and said, “Lord, if You had been here, my brother would not have died.”
 
33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come with her also weeping, He was deeply moved in spirit § 11:33 Or He was indignant in spirit; similarly in verse 38 and troubled. 34 “Where have you put him?” He asked.
 
“Come and see, Lord,” they answered.
 
35 Jesus wept.
 
36 Then the Jews said, “See how He loved him!”
 
37 But some of them asked, “Could not this man who opened the eyes of the blind also have kept Lazarus from dying?”
Jesus Raises Lazarus
(Acts 9:36–43)
 
38 Jesus, once again deeply moved, came to the tomb. It was a cave with a stone laid across the entrance. 39 “Take away the stone,” Jesus said.
 
“Lord, by now he stinks,” said Martha, the sister of the dead man. “It has already been four days.”
 
40 Jesus replied, “Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God?”
 
41 So they took away the stone. Then Jesus lifted His eyes upward and said, “Father, I thank You that You have heard Me. 42 I knew that You always hear Me, but I say this for the benefit of the people standing here, so they may believe that You sent Me.”
 
43 After Jesus had said this, He called out in a loud voice, “Lazarus, come out!”
 
44 The man who had been dead came out with his hands and feet bound in strips of linen, and his face wrapped in a cloth.* 11:44 Greek soudariō
 
“Unwrap him and let him go,” Jesus told them.
The Plot to Kill Jesus
(Matthew 26:1–5; Mark 14:1–2; Luke 22:1–2)
 
45 Therefore many of the Jews who had come to Mary, and had seen what Jesus did, believed in Him. 46 But some of them went to the Pharisees and told them what Jesus had done.
 
47 Then the chief priests and Pharisees convened the Sanhedrin 11:47 Or the Council and said, “What are we to do? This man is performing many signs. 48 If we let Him go on like this, everyone will believe in Him, and then the Romans will come and take away both our place and our nation.”
 
49 But one of them, named Caiaphas, who was high priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all! 50 You do not realize that it is better for you that one man die for the people than that the whole nation perish.”
 
51 Caiaphas did not say this on his own. Instead, as high priest that year, he was prophesying that Jesus would die for the nation, 52 and not only for the nation, but also for the scattered children of God, to gather them together into one.
 
53 So from that day on they plotted to kill Him. 54 As a result, Jesus no longer went about publicly among the Jews, but He withdrew to a town called Ephraim in an area near the wilderness. And He stayed there with the disciples.
 
55 Now the Jewish Passover was near, and many people went up from the country to Jerusalem to purify themselves before the Passover. 56 They kept looking for Jesus and asking one another as they stood in the temple courts, 11:56 Literally the temple “What do you think? Will He come to the feast at all?” 57 But the chief priests and Pharisees had given orders that anyone who knew where He was must report it, so that they could arrest Him.

*11:2 11:2 Literally was the one having anointed the Lord with fragrant oil and having wiped His feet; see John 12:3.

11:16 11:16 Didymus means the twin.

11:18 11:18 Greek about fifteen stadia; that is, approximately 1.72 miles or 2.78 kilometers

§11:33 11:33 Or He was indignant in spirit; similarly in verse 38

*11:44 11:44 Greek soudariō

11:47 11:47 Or the Council

11:56 11:56 Literally the temple