Catholic Commentary on Deuteronomy 10

"And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in obedience to him, to love him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul." (Deuteronomy 10:12)

The New Tablets

Moses carves new stone tablets and goes up to receive the Ten Commandments again after the golden calf. God writes on them again: the same words as before. The Ark is made to contain the tablets. The Levites are set apart to carry the Ark and to stand before the LORD to minister. Moses returns to lead the people toward the promised land.

Then the great summary of the covenant demand: And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in obedience to him, to love him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to observe the LORD's commands and decrees that I am giving you today for your own good? The accumulation of verbs is the full programme of the covenant life: fear, walk, love, serve, observe. All of it is for your own good. God owns the heavens and the earth and yet set his affection on your ancestors and chose their descendants. Circumcise your hearts and do not be stiff-necked any longer. The LORD loves the foreigner and gives them food and clothing; love the foreigner, for you were foreigners in Egypt. The Catechism identifies this passage as the most complete summary of the covenant obligation in Deuteronomy, encompassing the interior life, the bodily service, the communal ethics, and the care for the outsider (CCC 2061).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, what does the LORD ask of you? Not what is impossible, not what is obscure. Fear him, walk with him, love him, serve him, observe his commands. Five verbs, each one accessible today. Not when you have achieved spiritual maturity. Today. Begin with whichever of the five is most neglected in your life and let it lead to the others.

Prayer

Lord God, you ask of us only what you have already equipped us to give: fear, walking, love, service, obedience. Circumcise our hearts. Make us capable of what you ask. And let us love the foreigner as you love them, remembering what we were before your love found us. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

10
New Stone Tablets
(Exodus 34:1–9)
At that time the LORD said to me, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the originals, come up to Me on the mountain, and make an ark of wood. And I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke; and you are to place them in the ark.”
 
So I made an ark of acacia wood, chiseled out two stone tablets like the originals, and went up the mountain with the two tablets in my hands. And the LORD wrote on the tablets what had been written previously, the Ten Commandments * 10:4 Hebrew the Ten Words that He had spoken to you on the mountain out of the fire on the day of the assembly. The LORD gave them to me, and I went back down the mountain and placed the tablets in the ark I had made, as the LORD had commanded me; and there they have remained.
 
The Israelites traveled from Beeroth Bene-jaakan 10:6 Or from the wells of the Bene-jaakan to Moserah, where Aaron died and was buried, and Eleazar his son succeeded him as priest. From there they traveled to Gudgodah, and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land with streams of water.
 
At that time the LORD set apart the tribe of Levi to carry the ark of the covenant of the LORD, to stand before the LORD to serve Him, and to pronounce blessings in His name, as they do to this day. That is why Levi has no portion or inheritance among his brothers; the LORD is his inheritance, as the LORD your God promised him.
 
10 I stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights, like the first time, and that time the LORD again listened to me and agreed not to destroy you.
 
11 Then the LORD said to me, “Get up. Continue your journey ahead of the people, that they may enter and possess the land that I swore to their fathers to give them.”
A Call to Obedience
(Joshua 24:14–28)
 
12 And now, O Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God by walking in all His ways, to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 and to keep the commandments and statutes of the LORD that I am giving you this day for your own good?
 
14 Behold, to the LORD your God belong the heavens, even the highest heavens, and the earth and everything in it. 15 Yet the LORD has set His affection on your fathers and loved them. And He has chosen you, their descendants after them, above all the peoples, even to this day.
 
16 Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more. 17 For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God, showing no partiality and accepting no bribe. 18 He executes justice for the fatherless and widow, and He loves the foreigner, giving him food and clothing. 19 So you also must love the foreigner, since you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
 
20 You are to fear the LORD your God and serve Him. Hold fast to Him and take your oaths in His name. 21 He is your praise and He is your God, who has done for you these great and awesome wonders that your eyes have seen. 22 Your fathers went down to Egypt, seventy in all, and now the LORD your God has made you as numerous as the stars in the sky.

*10:4 10:4 Hebrew the Ten Words

10:6 10:6 Or from the wells of the Bene-jaakan