"We must obey God rather than human beings." (Acts 5:29)
The shadow side of the communal generosity of Acts 4 appears immediately in Acts 5. Ananias and Sapphira sell a piece of property but secretly keep part of the proceeds while claiming to give the full amount. Peter confronts Ananias: you have not lied just to human beings but to God. Ananias falls down dead. Three hours later Sapphira arrives and repeats the same lie. She also falls down dead. Great fear seizes the whole church and all who heard about these events. The incident is difficult and many readers are troubled by it. But Luke presents it without apology as a revelation of the holiness of the community the Spirit has created: the Spirit who fills the community cannot coexist with deliberate deception within it. The Catechism identifies this episode as an early expression of the Church's understanding that the sacramental community is holy, not because its members are without sin, but because the Spirit who dwells in it will not be mocked (CCC 798).
The apostles perform many miraculous signs and wonders among the people. People bring the sick into the streets so that Peter's shadow might fall on them. Crowds gather from towns around Jerusalem, bringing those who are ill and those tormented by impure spirits, and all of them are healed. The high priest and the Sadducees are filled with jealousy and arrest the apostles again. An angel opens the jail doors at night and leads them out, telling them to go and proclaim the full message of this new life. In the morning the council finds the jail empty and the apostles teaching in the Temple courts. They are brought before the Sanhedrin again and given the direct command not to teach in this name.
Peter's answer is the charter of Christian conscience in every age of persecution: We must obey God rather than human beings. The Catechism grounds the right of conscientious objection in this principle: the Christian owes obedience to legitimate authority, but when that authority commands what contradicts the law of God, the obligation to obey God takes priority (CCC 2242). Gamaliel, a respected Pharisee and teacher of the Law, gives wise counsel: if this is of human origin it will fail; if it is from God, you cannot stop it and you will find yourselves fighting against God.
Brothers and sisters, we must obey God rather than human beings. This is not a general licence for disobedience. It is the specific exception that applies when human authority commands what God forbids or forbids what God commands. The apostles did not invoke it over minor inconveniences. They invoked it when they were explicitly forbidden to speak the name of Jesus. Know the difference, and know which battles are worth fighting.
Lord God, give us the courage of the apostles who said we must obey you rather than human beings. And give us the wisdom to know when that threshold has been reached and when we are simply nursing our own preferences. May we never be silent about your name when we should speak. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.