Catholic Commentary on 2 Samuel 22

"The LORD is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield and the horn of my salvation." (2 Samuel 22:2-3)

David's Song of Deliverance

David sings when the LORD delivers him from all his enemies and from Saul. The song is nearly identical to Psalm 18. The LORD is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield and the horn of my salvation. He is my stronghold, my refuge and my saviour, from violent people you save me. He describes the distress that preceded the deliverance: the cords of death entangled him, the torrents of destruction overwhelmed him, the waves of death swirled around him. He called to the LORD; the LORD heard. The earth shook and trembled; he came on the wings of the wind; smoke rose from his nostrils; he shot his arrows and routed the enemy; he reached down and took hold of David; he rescued him because he delighted in him.

The song closes with the theology of reward: with the faithful you show yourself faithful; with the blameless you show yourself blameless; you save the humble, but your eyes are on the haughty to bring them low. The Catechism identifies this song as the fullest Old Testament expression of the theology of grace: God's faithfulness to the faithful is not earned but received by those who take refuge in him (CCC 218).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the LORD is your rock, fortress, and deliverer. Speak these words aloud today as your own confession. Not David's biography but your own: in every pit, every enemy, every wave of destruction, the LORD heard. He reached down. He rescued. Sing it from wherever you are now.

Prayer

Lord God, you are my rock, my fortress, my deliverer. I take refuge in you. Reach down from on high and take hold of me as you took hold of David. You delight in me. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

22
David’s Song of Deliverance
(Psalms 18:1-50)
And David sang this song to the LORD on the day the LORD had delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. He said:
 
“The LORD is my rock,
my fortress, and my deliverer.
My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge,
my shield, and the horn of my salvation.
My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior,
You save me from violence.
I will call upon the LORD, who is worthy to be praised;
so shall I be saved from my enemies.
 
For the waves of death engulfed me;
the torrents of chaos overwhelmed me.
The cords of Sheol entangled me;
the snares of death confronted me.
In my distress I called upon the LORD;
I cried out to my God.
And from His temple He heard my voice,
and my cry for help reached His ears.
 
Then the earth shook and quaked;
the foundations of the heavens * 22:8 Most Hebrew sources; Vulgate, Syriac, and two Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalms 18:7) mountains trembled;
they were shaken because He burned with anger.
Smoke rose from His nostrils,
and consuming fire came from His mouth;
glowing coals blazed forth.
 
10 He parted the heavens and came down
with dark clouds beneath His feet.
11 He mounted a cherub and flew;
He soared 22:11 Many Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalms 18:10); most Hebrew manuscripts He was seen on the wings of the wind.
12 He made darkness a canopy around Him,
a gathering of water and thick clouds.
13 From the brightness of His presence
coals of fire 22:13 Or bolts of lightning blazed forth.
 
14 The LORD thundered from heaven;
the voice of the Most High resounded.
15 He shot His arrows and scattered the foes;
He hurled lightning and routed them.
16 The channels of the sea appeared,
and the foundations of the world were exposed
at the rebuke of the LORD,
at the blast of the breath of His nostrils.
 
17 He reached down from on high and took hold of me;
He drew me out of deep waters.
18 He rescued me from my powerful enemy,
from foes too mighty for me.
19 They confronted me in my day of calamity,
but the LORD was my support.
20 He brought me out into the open;
He rescued me because He delighted in me.
 
21 The LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness;
He has repaid me according to the cleanness of my hands.
22 For I have kept the ways of the LORD
and have not wickedly departed from my God.
23 For all His ordinances are before me;
I have not disregarded His statutes.
24 And I have been blameless before Him
and kept myself from iniquity.
25 So the LORD has repaid me according to my righteousness,
according to my cleanness in His sight.§ 22:25 Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate (see also Psalms 18:24) according to the cleanness of my hands
 
26 To the faithful You show Yourself faithful,
to the blameless You show Yourself blameless;
27 to the pure You show Yourself pure,
but to the crooked You show Yourself shrewd.
28 You save an afflicted people,
but Your eyes are on the haughty to bring them down.
 
29 For You, O LORD, are my lamp;
the LORD lights up my darkness.
30 For in You I can charge an army;
with my God I can scale a wall.
31 As for God, His way is perfect;
the word of the LORD is flawless.
He is a shield to all
who take refuge in Him.
 
32 For who is God besides the LORD?
And who is the Rock except our God?
33 God is my strong fortress
and He makes my way clear.
34 He makes my feet like those of a deer
and stations me upon the heights.
35 He trains my hands for battle;
my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
 
36 You have given me Your shield of salvation,
and Your gentleness exalts me.* 22:36 Or and Your help exalts me or and You stoop down to make me great
37 You broaden the path beneath me
so that my ankles do not give way.
38 I pursued my enemies and destroyed them;
I did not turn back until they were consumed.
39 I devoured and crushed them so they could not rise;
they have fallen under my feet.
 
40 You have armed me with strength for battle;
You have subdued my foes beneath me.
41 You have made my enemies retreat before me;
I put an end to those who hated me.
42 They looked, but there was no one to save them-
to the LORD, but He did not answer.
43 I ground them as the dust of the earth;
I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.
 
44 You have delivered me from the strife of my people;
You have preserved me as the head of nations;
a people I had not known shall serve me.
45 Foreigners cower before me;
when they hear me, they obey me.
46 Foreigners lose heart
and come trembling 22:46 Some LXX manuscripts and Vulgate (see also Psalms 18:45); MT and arm themselves from their strongholds.
 
47 The LORD lives, and blessed be my Rock!
And may God, the Rock of my salvation, be exalted-
48 the God who avenges me
and brings down nations beneath me,
49 who frees me from my enemies.
You exalt me above my foes;
You rescue me from violent men.
50 Therefore I will praise You, O LORD, among the nations;
I will sing praises to Your name. 22:50 Cited in Romans 15:9
 
51 Great salvation He brings to His king.
He shows loving devotion to His anointed,
to David and his descendants forever.”

*22:8 22:8 Most Hebrew sources; Vulgate, Syriac, and two Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalms 18:7) mountains

22:11 22:11 Many Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalms 18:10); most Hebrew manuscripts He was seen

22:13 22:13 Or bolts of lightning

§22:25 22:25 Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate (see also Psalms 18:24) according to the cleanness of my hands

*22:36 22:36 Or and Your help exalts me or and You stoop down to make me great

22:46 22:46 Some LXX manuscripts and Vulgate (see also Psalms 18:45); MT and arm themselves

22:50 22:50 Cited in Romans 15:9