Catholic Commentary on 2 Samuel 11

"But the thing David had done displeased the LORD." (2 Samuel 11:27)

David and Bathsheba

In the spring, when kings go out to war, David stays in Jerusalem and sends Joab. One evening he walks on the roof and sees Bathsheba bathing. He inquires, is told she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite, and sends for her. She becomes pregnant. David summons Uriah from the front, hoping he will sleep with his wife and the child will seem to be his. Uriah refuses to go home while the ark and Israel's army are in the field. David has him carry a letter to Joab: put Uriah in the front where the fighting is fiercest; withdraw from him so he will be struck down. Uriah dies. David takes Bathsheba as his wife. But the thing David had done displeased the LORD.

The Catechism identifies the David and Bathsheba narrative as one of the most sober accounts of the fall of a great man in Scripture: the king who dances before the ark becomes the king who murders his loyal soldier. The text does not explain the psychology but presents the facts and the divine judgment with equal brevity (CCC 2538). The phrase but the thing displeased the LORD carries the weight of the entire narrative.

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, the thing David had done displeased the LORD. The narrative offers no mitigation. No explanation of circumstances, no acknowledgment of the complexity, no credit for everything else David had done. The thing displeased the LORD. That is the whole judgment. Apply it to your own actions before Nathan arrives.

Prayer

Lord God, search our deeds for the thing that displeases you and bring it to light before Nathan arrives. We do not want to carry what you already see. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

11
David and Bathsheba
In the spring,* 11:1 Literally At the turn of the year at the time when kings march out to war, David sent out Joab and his servants with the whole army of Israel. They destroyed the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah, but David remained in Jerusalem.
 
One evening David got up from his bed and strolled around on the roof of the palace. And from the roof he saw a woman bathing-a very beautiful woman. So David sent and inquired about the woman, and he was told, “This is Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam 11:3 Eliam is a variant of Ammiel; see 1 Chronicles 3:5. and the wife of Uriah the Hittite.”
 
Then David sent messengers to get her, and when she came to him, he slept with her. (Now she had just purified herself from her uncleanness.) Then she returned home. And the woman conceived and sent word to David, saying, “I am pregnant.”
 
At this, David sent orders to Joab: “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” So Joab sent him to David.
 
When Uriah came to him, David asked how Joab and the troops were doing with the war. Then he said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.”
 
So Uriah left the palace, and a gift from the king followed him. But Uriah slept at the door of the palace with all his master’s servants; he did not go down to his house.
 
10 And David was told, “Uriah did not go home.”
 
“Haven’t you just arrived from a journey?” David asked Uriah. “Why didn’t you go home?”
 
11 Uriah answered, “The ark and Israel and Judah are dwelling in tents, 11:11 Or staying at Sukkoth and my master Joab and his soldiers are camped in the open field. How can I go to my house to eat and drink and sleep with my wife? As surely as you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do such a thing!”
 
12 “Stay here one more day,” David said to Uriah, “and tomorrow I will send you back.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day and the next.
 
13 Then David invited Uriah to eat and drink with him, and he got Uriah drunk. And in the evening Uriah went out to lie down on his cot with his master’s servants, but he did not go home.
David Arranges Uriah’s Death
 
14 The next morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah. 15 In the letter he wrote: “Put Uriah at the front of the fiercest battle; then withdraw from him, so that he may be struck down and killed.”
 
16 So as Joab besieged the city, he assigned Uriah to a place where he saw the strongest enemy soldiers. 17 And when the men of the city came out and fought against Joab, some of David’s servants fell, and Uriah the Hittite also died.
 
18 Joab sent to David a full account of the battle 19 and instructed the messenger, “When you have finished giving the king all the details of the battle, 20 if the king’s anger flares, he may ask you, ‘Why did you get so close to the city to fight? Did you not realize they would shoot from atop the wall? 21 Who was the one to strike Abimelech son of Jerubbesheth § 11:21 Jerubbesheth is also known as Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon.? Was it not a woman who dropped an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died in Thebez? Why did you get so close to the wall?’
 
If so, then you are to say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead as well.’ ”
 
22 So the messenger set out and reported to David all that Joab had sent him to say. 23 The messenger said to David, “The men overpowered us and came out against us in the field, but we drove them back to the entrance of the gate. 24 Then the archers shot at your servants from the wall, and some of the king’s servants were killed. And your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead as well.”
 
25 Then David told the messenger, “Say this to Joab: ‘Do not let this matter upset you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Strengthen your attack against the city and demolish it.’ Encourage him with these words.”
David Marries Bathsheba
 
26 When Uriah’s wife heard that her husband was dead, she mourned for him. 27 And when the time of mourning was over, David had her brought to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son.
 
But the thing that David had done was evil in the sight of the LORD.

*11:1 11:1 Literally At the turn of the year

11:3 11:3 Eliam is a variant of Ammiel; see 1 Chronicles 3:5.

11:11 11:11 Or staying at Sukkoth

§11:21 11:21 Jerubbesheth is also known as Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon.