Catholic Commentary on 1 Samuel 19

"Michal took an idol and laid it on the bed, covering it with a garment and putting some goat hair at the head." (1 Samuel 19:13)

Saul Tries to Kill David

Saul orders Jonathan and all his attendants to kill David. Jonathan warns David and then speaks to his father on his behalf: do not wrong David; he has not wronged you; his actions have been very good. Saul relents for a time. But the evil spirit from the LORD comes on Saul again and he tries to pin David to the wall. David escapes. Saul sends men to watch David's house and kill him in the morning. Michal, David's wife, warns him and lets him down through a window. She puts an idol in the bed and covers it with a garment. When the messengers come, she says David is ill. The deception buys David time to escape. Later the Spirit of God comes on the messengers sent to capture David, and they prophesy. Saul himself goes, and the Spirit comes on him and he prophesies too. He strips off his robes and lies in a trance all day.

The Catechism notes the complex interplay of human resourcefulness and divine intervention in the escape narratives: Michal's deception and the Spirit's intervention both serve the preservation of the LORD's anointed (CCC 303).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, Saul went three times to capture David and each time the Spirit came on his messengers. When God has anointed someone for a purpose, the forces sent to stop them become instruments of his praise. Whatever is pursuing you cannot reach the one hidden in the anointing.

Prayer

Lord God, protect your anointed ones from those who pursue them. Send your Spirit on every force assembled against what you have called. And let every hunter of your servants end up prophesying in your presence. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

19
Saul Tries to Kill David
(Psalms 59:1-17)
Then Saul ordered his son Jonathan and all his servants to kill David.
 
But Jonathan delighted greatly in David, so he warned David, saying, “My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning; find a secret place and hide there. I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, so I can ask about you. And if I find out anything, I will tell you.”
 
Then Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul and said to him, “The king should not sin against his servant David; he has not sinned against you. In fact, his actions have been highly beneficial to you. He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?”
 
Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan and swore an oath: “As surely as the LORD lives, David will not be put to death.”
 
So Jonathan summoned David and told him all these things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul to serve him as he had before.
 
When war broke out again, David went out and fought the Philistines and struck them with such a mighty blow that they fled before him.
 
But as Saul was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, a spirit of distress * 19:9 Or a harmful spirit from the LORD came upon him. While David was playing the harp, 10 Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear. But the spear struck the wall and David eluded him, ran away, and escaped that night.
 
11 Then Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him and kill him in the morning. But David’s wife Michal warned him, “If you do not run for your life tonight, tomorrow you will be dead!” 12 So Michal lowered David from the window, and he ran away and escaped.
 
13 Then Michal took a household idol 19:13 Or a household god; Hebrew teraphim; also in verse 16 and laid it in the bed, placed some goat hair on its head, and covered it with a garment. 14 When Saul sent the messengers to seize David, Michal said, “He is ill.”
 
15 But Saul sent the messengers back to see David and told them, “Bring him up to me in his bed so I can kill him.” 16 And when the messengers entered, there was the idol in the bed with the quilt of goats’ hair on its head.
 
17 And Saul said to Michal, “Why did you deceive me like this? You sent my enemy away and he has escaped!”
 
Michal replied, “He said to me, ‘Help me get away, or I will kill you!’ ”
 
18 So David ran away and escaped. And he went to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went to Naioth and stayed there.
 
19 When Saul was told that David was at Naioth in Ramah, 20 he sent messengers to capture him. But when they saw the group of prophets prophesying, with Samuel leading them, the Spirit of God came upon them, and Saul’s messengers also began to prophesy.
 
21 When this was reported to Saul, he sent more messengers, but they began to prophesy as well.
 
So Saul tried again and sent messengers a third time, and even they began to prophesy.
 
22 Finally, Saul himself left for Ramah and came to the large cistern at Secu, where he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?”
 
“At Naioth in Ramah,” he was told.
 
23 So Saul went to Naioth in Ramah. But the Spirit of God came upon even Saul, and he walked along prophesying until he came to Naioth in Ramah. 24 Then Saul stripped off his robes and also prophesied before Samuel. And he collapsed and lay naked all that day and night. That is why it is said, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”

*19:9 19:9 Or a harmful spirit

19:13 19:13 Or a household god; Hebrew teraphim; also in verse 16