Catholic Commentary on 1 Kings 17

"The jar of flour was not used up and the jug of oil did not run dry, in keeping with the word of the LORD spoken by Elijah." (1 Kings 17:16)

Elijah and the Widow of Zarephath

Elijah the Tishbite appears suddenly in 1 Kings with no introduction: he is simply there, a force of nature from Gilead, announcing drought to Ahab. The LORD sends him to the Kerith Ravine where ravens feed him morning and evening and he drinks from the brook. When the brook dries up, God sends him to Zarephath in Sidon where a widow will supply his food. He finds her gathering sticks and asks for water and bread. She says: I only have a handful of flour and a little oil; I am making a last meal for my son and me and then we will die. Elijah says: do not be afraid; make me a small cake first, then make something for yourself and your son. The jar of flour was not used up and the jug of oil did not run dry, in keeping with the word of the LORD spoken by Elijah. Later the widow's son dies; Elijah stretches himself on the boy three times and prays; the boy revives. The widow says: I know that you are a man of God and that the word of the LORD from your mouth is the truth.

The Catechism identifies the widow of Zarephath as the type of the Gentile who receives the prophet: Jesus will cite her in Luke 4 to explain his ministry to outsiders (CCC 2583).

Living the Word

Brothers and sisters, make me a small cake first. Elijah's instruction to the woman who is about to prepare her last meal is the most demanding request in Scripture. Give what you have to God before you use it for yourself. The jar that made the prophet's cake first did not run dry. The jar that saves itself always empties.

Prayer

Lord God, the jar of flour was not used up and the jug of oil did not run dry. Give us the faith of the widow who gave the prophet his cake first. Let us trust that what we give you first will not leave us empty. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

17
The Ravens Feed Elijah
Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was among the settlers of Gilead,* 17:1 Or who was from Tishbe in Gilead said to Ahab, “As surely as the LORD lives-the God of Israel before whom I stand-there will be neither dew nor rain in these years except at my word!”
 
Then a revelation from the LORD came to Elijah: “Leave here, turn eastward, and hide yourself by the Brook of Cherith, east of the Jordan. 17:3 Or the Cherith Ravine, near the Jordan; also in verse 5 And you are to drink from the brook, and I have commanded the ravens to feed you there.”
 
So Elijah did what the LORD had told him, and he went and lived by the Brook of Cherith, east of the Jordan. The ravens would bring him bread and meat in the morning and evening, and he would drink from the brook. Some time later, however, the brook dried up because there had been no rain in the land.
The Widow of Zarephath
 
Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah: “Get up and go to Zarephath of Sidon, and stay there. Behold, I have commanded a widow there to provide for you.”
 
10 So Elijah got up and went to Zarephath. When he arrived at the city gate, there was a widow gathering sticks. Elijah called to her and said, “Please bring me a little water in a cup, so that I may drink.” 11 And as she was going to get it, he called to her and said, “Please bring me a piece of bread.”
 
12 But she replied, “As surely as the LORD your God lives, I have no bread-only a handful of flour in a jar and a little oil in a jug. Look, I am gathering a couple of sticks to take home and prepare a meal for myself and my son, so that we may eat it and die.”
 
13 “Do not be afraid,” Elijah said to her. “Go and do as you have said. But first make me a small cake of bread from what you have, and bring it out to me. Afterward, make some for yourself and your son, 14 for this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘The jar of flour will not be exhausted and the jug of oil will not run dry until the day the LORD sends rain upon the face of the earth.’ ”
 
15 So she went and did according to the word of Elijah, and there was food every day for Elijah and the woman and her household. 16 The jar of flour was not exhausted and the jug of oil did not run dry, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through Elijah.
Elijah Raises the Widow’s Son
 
17 Later, the son of the woman who owned the house became ill, and his sickness grew worse and worse, until no breath remained in him. 18 “O man of God,” said the woman to Elijah, “what have you done to me? Have you come to remind me of my iniquity and cause the death of my son?”
 
19 But Elijah said to her, “Give me your son.”
 
So he took him from her arms, carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his own bed. 20 Then he cried out to the LORD, “O LORD my God, have You also brought tragedy on this widow who has opened her home to me, by causing her son to die?” 21 Then he stretched himself out over the child three times and cried out to the LORD, “O LORD my God, please let this boy’s life return to him!”
 
22 And the LORD listened to the voice of Elijah, and the child’s life returned to him, and he lived. 23 Then Elijah took the child, brought him down from the upper room into the house, and gave him to his mother. “Look, your son is alive,” Elijah declared.
 
24 Then the woman said to Elijah, “Now I know that you are a man of God and that the word of the LORD from your mouth is truth.”

*17:1 17:1 Or who was from Tishbe in Gilead

17:3 17:3 Or the Cherith Ravine, near the Jordan; also in verse 5